TABLE 4.

Bullying Perpetration Moderators

	Suicide Ideation			Suicide Behaviors
	k (n)	OR (95% CI)	Q-Between	k (n)	OR (95% CI)	Q-Between
Gender			2.47			0.78
Mixture	14 (33)	1.88 (1.37–2.58)		13 (22)	2.63 (1.41–4.92)
All-female	9 (16)	2.55 (1.75–3.72)		2 (2)	1.90 (0.31–11.47)
All-male	9 (16)	2.45 (1.68–3.57)		2 (2)	4.30 (0.48–38.51)
Country			2.65			10.92*
US	9 (26)	2.65 (1.85–3.78)		9 (17)	4.16 (2.21–7.86)
International	14 (38)	1.79 (1.31–2.44)		6 (8)	1.24 (0.54–2.83)
Bully assessment			8.33			2.82
Definition and non-behavioral	4 (12)	3.38 (1.99–5.75)		2 (6)	2.69 (0.58–12.5)
Series of behavioral questions	9 (21)	2.26 (1.58–3.24)		7 (10)	4.08 (1.70–9.8)
Definition and series of behavior questions	3 (14)	2.01 (1.07–3.80)		—	—
Only asking if they were victimized/bullied	4 (9)	1.68 (0.95–2.96)		3 (4)	1.31 (0.36–4.75)
Peer nominations	2 (6)	0.99 (0.49–2.02)		2 (3)	1.29 (0.24–7.03)
Multiple categories	—	—		—	—

k, number of studies; n, number of effect sizes.

^*P <.05.

—, No studies used a definition and series of behavior questions or multiple categories to assess the relationship between bullying perpetration and suicidal behaviors.