Table 1.

Summary of role of major mitochondrial regulators on lifespan and aging. Arrows indicate that a given protein is involved in the corresponding process. All four proteins are capable of increasing measures of mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial number, OXPHOS capacity or fatty acid oxidation. Expression of the SIRT1 ortholog, Sir2, increases lifespan in yeast, worms and flies; AMPK increases lifespan in worms but decreases yeast lifespan, and inhibition of mTOR increases lifespan in all three model organisms. For mammalian aging and CR, arrows indicate how a given protein's expression or activity changes.