Amino acid sequence alignment of VP1 proteins from representative genotypes of EV71. The name of each EV71 strain from genotypes A, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 is indicated in left. The numbering of amino acid sequences is based on strain G082 (genotype C4), which is used in this study. The secondary structure based on the EV71 structure model (Protein Data Bank code 3VBS) is shown above the sequence. Identical amino acids among all VP1 proteins are shown in red. The mutated positively charged residues in this study are indicated by triangles and asterisks below the sequence for nonconserved and completely conserved amino acids, respectively. The relative accessibility of each residue is shown at the bottom of the alignment: blue, accessible; cyan, intermediate; white, buried and red, not applicable. The figure was produced using ESPript.