TABLE 3.

Phylogeny-trait association analysis of WNV evolution^a

Category and trait	Data set A		Data set B		Data set C		This study
	n	P value	n	P value	n	P value	n	P value
Host
American crow	84	0.112	88	0.462	81	0.016	101	0.010
American white pelican	26	0.314	19	1.000	34	0.005	59	0.146
Blue jay	30	0.018	31	0.434	27	0.015	54	0.012
Great horned owl	4	1.000	3	1.000	5	1.000	10	1.000
Mosquito	123	0.001	116	0.001	112	0.001	NA
Geographic region
Midwest	68	0.250	64	0.968	71	0.243	139	0.053
North East	129	0.001	114	0.008	118	0.001	29	0.001
South	49	0.010	54	0.070	55	0.001	103	0.232
West	54	0.001	68	0.001	56	0.001	27	0.001
Flyway
Atlantic	155	0.001	144	0.001	143	0.001	89	0.001
Central	43	0.004	51	0.068	55	0.001	93	0.001
Mississippi	56	0.143	47	0.829	57	0.123	106	0.017
Pacific	46	0.001	58	0.001	45	0.001	10	0.002
States (region, flyway)
California (West, Pacific)	42	0.001	53	0.001	40	0.001	5	1.000
Connecticut (North East, Atlantic)	76	0.001	63	0.002	64	0.001	NA
District of Columbia (South, Atlantic)	7	0.001	8	0.001	7	0.002	16	0.005
Illinois (Midwest, Mississippi)	10	0.041	14	0.097	14	0.072	7	1.000
Maryland (South, Atlantic)	5	1.000	10	1.000	4	1.000	14	1.000
Minnesota (Midwest, Mississippi)	11	1.000	6	1.000	11	0.048	22	0.177
Missouri (Midwest, Mississippi)	6	0.001	5	0.012	2	0.001	12	0.001
Montana (West, Central)	5	1.000	6	1.000	9	0.001	14	0.002
North Dakota (Midwest, Central)	9	1.000	12	1.000	12	1.000	24	0.190
New York (North East, Atlantic)	41	0.655	39	0.645	38	0.564	1	1.000
Ohio (Midwest, Mississippi)	4	1.000	3	1.000	4	1.000	11	1.000
Pennsylvania (North East, Atlantic)	5	0.015	9	0.033	10	0.002	15	0.004
South Dakota (Midwest, Central)	8	1.000	8	1.000	11	1.000	20	0.126
Texas (South, Central)	8	0.001	10	0.042	15	0.001	10	0.037
Virginia (South, Atlantic)	3	1.000	5	0.017	6	0.011	13	0.002
Wisconsin (Midwest, Central)	10	0.036	6	1.000	11	0.003	19	0.120
Year
2001	39	0.029	30	0.001	32	0.001	59	0.001
2002	51	0.091	48	0.850	49	0.067	98	0.164
2003	57	0.935	73	0.049	64	0.007	62	0.028
2004	18	0.193	20	0.217	15	1.000	11	1.000
2005	26	0.001	24	0.286	25	0.001	13	0.002
2006	19	0.004	13	1.000	20	0.003	17	0.002
2007	20	0.186	24	0.304	23	0.209	5	0.004
2008	33	0.034	30	0.424	28	0.313	19	0.001
2009	9	1.000	12	0.003	10	0.001	7	0.014
2011	11	0.001	13	0.001	13	0.064	NA
2012	6	0.001	4	0.008	10	0.001	4	0.001

^an is the number of sequences in the particular data set. P values of ≤0.01 are shown in italics for trait data sets containing at least 10 sequences. Traits are shown in bold if the association was significant in all data sets. NA, not applicable, as no sequences of that trait were sampled (e.g., the data set from this study contained no mosquito sequences).