Global changes in Arabidopsis 5mC and expression analysis of DNA methylation genes. (A) The average global 5mC% in Col 0 seedlings at 4, 7, 14, and 17 d grown in solid medium containing either HP (1 mM) or LP (5 μM). Values are the mean ± SD of three biological replicates. Bars with asterisks are significantly different from LP in terms of their respective tissues (n = 100, P < 0.01). (B) Real-time PCR analyses of whole Col 0 seedlings grown in HP and LP medium for 4, 7, 12, 14, 17, and 21 d; AtACT2, At5g55840, and At3g53090 served as internal controls; HP values for each time point were used as calibrator samples. Data are the means ± SEM of two biological replicates (three technical replicates each). (C) Global 5mC% changes in ddc and rdd triple mutants in response to Pi limitations. Plants were grown for 4 d in the first phosphate treatment and then transferred to the second phosphate treatment for 17 d. Values are the mean ± SD of six biological replicates (two technical replicates each); n = 100. Bars with asterisks are significantly different from WT (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).