Fig. S9.

(A) Black lines show time-averaged local helicity, ${\langle h\left(s\right)\rangle }_t$, along the flagellum for eight representative samples. Individual data points from each frame are shown to illustrate the spread over time (red, left-turning; blue, right-turning), indicating no persistent helicity. Although a slight tendency toward positive average helicity values is observed near the posterior parts of the flagellum, this bias does not correlate with the turning direction. (B) Helicity SD $\sigma \left(h\right)$ along the flagellum.