Table 4.
Maternal biomarker (sample size) | Quartile | Adjustedb odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals by interval between birth of index child and collection of maternal blood specimen
|
||
---|---|---|---|---|
12–36 months | >36–≤60 months | >60 months | ||
Plasma folate (nmol/L; 347 cases, 468 controls) | Quartile 1 (≤36.7) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
Quartile 2 (36.7–53.6) | 0.98 (0.52–1.83) | 0.63 (0.27–1.47) | 0.74 (0.37–1.48) | |
Quartile 3 (53.7–74.0) | 1.19 (0.63–2.27) | 0.18 (0.07–0.51) | 0.36 (0.18–0.74) | |
Quartile 4 (≥74.1) | 0.62 (0.34–1.16) | 0.15 (0.06–0.40) | 0.26 (0.12–0.57) | |
p-trend | p = 0.18 | p < 0.001 | p ≪0.001 | |
Erythrocyte folate (nmol/L; 345 cases, 465 controls) | Quartile 1 (≤1488) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
Quartile 2 (1489–1878) | 1.48 (0.78–2.83) | 0.59 (0.26–1.33) | 0.54 (0.25–1.14) | |
Quartile 3 (1879–2486) | 1.13 (0.60–2.14) | 0.62 (0.27–1.43) | 0.16 (0.07–0.37) | |
Quartile 4 (≥2487) | 1.13 (0.59–2.17) | 0.21 (0.07–0.63) | 0.46 (0.23–0.93) | |
p-trend | p = 0.97 | p = 0.01 | p = 0.004 | |
Plasma pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (nmol/L; (347 cases, 468 controls) | Quartile 1 (< 26.0) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
Quartile 2 (26.1–45.0) | 1.04 (0.55–1.97) | 0.89 (0.37–2.15) | 0.54 (0.27–1.08) | |
Quartile 3 (45.1–78.0) | 1.27 (0.68–2.38) | 0.87 (0.37–2.01) | 0.49 (0.23–1.03) | |
Quartile 4 (≥78.1) | 0.91 (0.49–1.71) | 0.61 (0.25–1.45) | 0.63 (0.30–1.25) | |
p-trend | p = 0.90 | p = 0.29 | p = 0.14 | |
Plasma homocysteine (μmol/L; 327 cases, 426 controls) | Quartile 1 (≤3.2) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
Quartile 2 (3.21–4.0) | 1.08 (0.59–2.01) | 0.64 (0.26–1.55) | 1.35 (0.61–3.04) | |
Quartile 3 (4.1–5.0) | 1.47 (0.79–2.73) | 0.47 (0.19–1.19) | 1.35 (0.62–2.95) | |
Quartile 4 (≥5.1) | 0.89 (0.47–1.67) | 1.18 (0.48–2.88) | 2.23 (1.01–4.91) | |
p-trend | p = 0.95 | p = 0.90 | p = 0.056 |
Cases include all oral clefts with the exclusion of known genetic syndromes and chromosomal abnormalities.
Adjusted for maternal age, education, alcohol use, smoking, multivitamin use, and interval between delivery of the index child and maternal blood collection in logistic regression models.