Table 1.
Associations between factors of interest and oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in 332 adult outpatient controls assessed for the presence of HPV.
| Factor | Prevalence of HPV,b total no, (%)c | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysisa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI)d | Pe | OR (95% CI)d | Pe | ||
| Demographic | |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 81 (1.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Male | 251 (6.0) | 5.08 (0.66–39.1) | 4.53 (0.54–37.8) | ||
| Race and ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic | |||||
| White | 276 (4.7) | 1.00 | … | ||
| Black | 34 (8.8) | 2.00 (0.53–7.3) | … | ||
| Asian or Middle Eastern | 13 (0.0) | … | … | ||
| Hispanic | 9 (0.0) | … | … | ||
| Age, years | .04 | .13 | |||
| <40 | 31 (6.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 40–54 | 120 (6.7) | 1.04 (0.21–5.1) | 0.75 (0.14–4.1) | ||
| 55–64 | 95 (4.2) | 0.64 (0.11–3.7) | 0.51 (0.08–3.3) | ||
| ≥65 | 86 (2.3) | 0.35 (0.05–2.6) | 0.37 (0.05–3.0) | ||
| Risk per each year after age < 30 years | … | 0.94 (0.90–0.99) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | ||
| Sexual behavior | |||||
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| Heterosexual | 318 (4.7) | 1.00 | … | ||
| Homo- or bisexual | 14 (7.1) | 1.50 (0.19–12.7) | … | ||
| Oral sex partners,f lifetime no. | .002 | .007 | |||
| 0–1 | 156 (1.9) | 1.00 | 1.00g | ||
| 2–10 | 136 (5.9) | 3.19 (0.83–12.3) | 2.37 (0.52–9.5) | ||
| ≥11 | 40 (12.5) | 7.29 (1.7–31.9) | 5.20 (1.13–24.7) | ||
| Barrier useh | |||||
| Yes or no oral sex | 100 (3.0) | 1.00 | … | ||
| No | 232 (5.6) | 1.92 (0.54–6.9) | … | ||
| Sex partners, lifetime no. | .001 | .003 | |||
| 0–5 | 193 (3.1) | 1.00 | 1.00g | ||
| 6–25 | 98 (5.1) | 1.67 (0.50–5.6) | 1.23 (0.35–4.3) | ||
| ≥26 | 40 (12.5) | 4.48 (1.29–15.5) | 3.91 (1.05–14.6) | ||
| HSV-2 antibodies | |||||
| No | 258 (3.5) | 1.00 | 1.00g | ||
| Yes | 67 (9.0) | 2.71 (0.93–7.9) | 2.65 (0.86–8.1) | ||
| Tobaccao and alcohol use | |||||
| Ever smoked tobacco | |||||
| No | 184 (4.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | |||||
| Former user | 105 (1.0) | 0.19 (0.02–1.5) | 0.21 (0.03–1.9) | ||
| Current user | 44 (13.6) | 3.05 (1.03–9.1) | 3.86 (1.17–12.7) | ||
| Intensity of current smoking, cigs/day | .52 | … | |||
| <20 | 33 (12.1) | 1.00 | … | ||
| 20–39 | 7 (14.3) | 0.41 (0.03–5.0) | … | ||
| ≥40 | 4 (25.0) | 0.50 (0.02–11.1) | … | ||
| Ever drank | |||||
| No | 80 (3.8) | 1.00 | … | ||
| Yes | |||||
| Former user | 46 (6.5) | 1.77 (0.34–9.1) | … | ||
| Current user | 207 (4.8) | 1.29 (0.34–4.8) | … | ||
| Days of drinking per week,i no. | .92 | … | |||
| <1 | 74 (5.4) | 1.00 | … | ||
| 1–6 | 101 (5.0) | 1.02 (0.26–3.9) | … | ||
| All | 24 (4.2) | 0.84 (0.09–8.0) | … | ||
| Ever used marijuana | |||||
| No | 284 (4.2) | 1.00 | … | ||
| Yes | 50 (8.0) | 2.00 (0.60–6.3) | … | ||
NOTE. A total of 4.8% of the 332 outpatient controls were found to be HPV positive (HPV+). CI, confidence interval; cigs, cigarettes; HSV-2, herpes simplex virus type 2; OR odds ratio.
Unless otherwise indicated multivariate models included age (continuous variable), sex, lifetime no. of oral sexual partners (categories of 0, 1, 2–5, 6–10, 11–15, 16–25, 26–50, 51–100, or >100 partners), and current tobacco use (yes or no).
In oral exfoliated cells.
Data are the total no. of outpatient controls assessed (% of outpatient controls in each factor group who were found to be HPV+).
Data are the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI), unless otherwise indicated, and are derived from logistic regression models.
For trend. Trends in odds were tested by modeling each ordinal variable as a single continuous independent variable. Trend P values were calculated for the finest data categories available, with use of data categories smaller than those displayed in the table.
Partners on whom oral sex was performed.
Models for sexual behaviors were each adjusted for age (continuous variable), sec, and current tobacco use (yes or no) but were not adjusted for other sexual behaviors because of colinearity in these behaviors.
During oral sex.
Among current drinkers.