Table 3.
Sociodemographic characteristics, exposures, and clinical symptoms associated with antibiotic prescriptions among patients with influenza-like illness (ILI), southern Sri Lanka, March 2013–October 2014
| Characteristic | Phase 1 | Phase 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 0.07 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.05 |
| Days of fever | 1.29 (1.00–1.66) | 0.05 | 1.04 (0.79–1.37) | 0.77 |
| Days of cough | – | – | 1.14 (0.89–1.45) | 0.30 |
| Headache | – | – | 1.70 (0.90–3.22) | 0.10 |
| Prior visit for same illness | – | – | 1.26 (0.53–3.04) | 0.60 |
| Prior antibiotic for illness | – | – | 2.71 (0.84–8.73) | 0.10 |
| Rapid test positive | 1.38 (0.77–2.47) | 0.28 | 0.50 (0.26–0.95) | 0.04 |
CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the two phases separately since the result from the rapid influenza test was only available to clinicians in the second phase and may have influenced antibiotic prescribing patterns.