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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 6.
Published in final edited form as: J Health Commun. 2015 Jul 6;20(10):1196–1205. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1018620

Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics of the Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Samples

Cross-sectional (N = 3010) Longitudinal (n = 804)

Demographics and Smoking Behaviors Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
Age (years) 52 ± 14 54 ± 13
Education (years) 13 ± 2 13 ± 2
Cigarettes per day 13 ± 10 14 ± 10

% %

Female 64 66
Race/Ethnicity
  Non-Hispanic White 43 45
  Non-Hispanic Black 47 49
  Hispanic 6 4
  Other 3 3
Marital status
  Married/Living as married 35 33
  Divorced/Widowed/Separated 34 36
  Never married 31 31
Children present in home 32 28
Own their home (vs. rent) 62 61
Income ($40,000 or more) 35 35
Employed 41 41
More than monthly religious attendance 44 43
Insurance
  Any insurance other than Medicaid 56 57
  Medicaid 35 35
  Not covered by insurance 9 8
Has a doctor 78 80
Health status
  Very good/Excellent 25 26
  Good 39 37
  Fair/Poor 37 37
Health orientation
  Strongly agree 70 72
  Somewhat agree 26 25
  Disagree 4 3
Less than 5 minutes to first cigarette 28 29
Living situation
  All smokers 19 19
  Some smokers 10 11
  All others non-smokers 35 33
  Alone
36 37
Campaign-relevant Measures
Campaign exposure in the past month 67.0 81.8
Talked about quitting in the past month 20.3 24.7
Talked about ads a 21.1 24.8
Sought help in the past month 13.5 16.7
Tried to quit completely in the past month 19.7 23.4
Sought help in the past 3 months 32.6 33.8
Tried to quit completely in the past 3 months 34.2 35.5

Note. Sample size reflects the final analytic sample, which does not include those missing on confounders.

a

Cross-sectional n = 2014 and longitudinal n = 658 due to missing data on the talked about ads variable (participants who reported zero exposure to the campaign ads were not asked this measure).