Table 4.

Odds Ratios for Lagged Regression Analyses that Test Proposed Causal Pathways

Pathway	OR	95% CI
Exposure (T1) → Behavior (T2)
Exposure (T1) → Sought help (T2)	1.05 **	1.01 – 1.09
Exposure (T1) → Tried to quit (T2)	1.03	0.99 – 1.07
Exposure (T1) → Interpersonal Communication (T2)
Exposure (T1) → Talk about ads (T2)	1.04	0.99 – 1.10
Exposure (T1) → Talk about quitting (T2)	1.05 *	1.01 – 1.10
Interpersonal Communication (T1) → Behavior (T2)
Talk about ads (T1) → Sought help (T2)	1.49	0.96 – 2.30
Talk about ads (T1) → Tried to quit (T2)	1.33	0.85 – 2.08
Talk about quitting (T1) → Sought help (T2)	2.04 ***	1.41 – 2.94
Talk about quitting (T1) → Tried to quit (T2)	1.79 **	1.22 – 2.61
Interpersonal Communication (T1) → Interpersonal Communication (T2)
Talk about ads (T1) → Talk about quitting (T2)	1.82 **	1.16 – 2.87

Note. n = 551–813 (varies across analyses due to missing data on confounders and talk about ads variable). OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; T1 = variable measured at first interview; T2 = variable measured at three-month follow-up interview. These analyses report the coefficient of the first named variable on the outcome, adjusting for the effects of the prior level of the outcome and all confounders. Behavioral outcomes occurred within the past three months.

^†p < .10.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.