. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ear Hear. 2015 Nov-Dec;36(0 1):48S–59S. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000209

Table 5.

Summary statistics and longitudinal analysis of caregivers’ linguistic input to Children who are Hard of Hearing at the 18-month versus 3-year visit (n = 26).

	18 Month	3 Year	Between Group
Linguistic Input Variables	M (SD)	M (SD)	p	Cohen’s d
NTU	107.2 (27.4)	102.7 (19.6)	0.38	0.19
NTW	364.7 (126.5)	401.7 (98.1)	0.10	−0.33
NDW	102.3 (31.8)	117.9 (22.7)	0.02	−0.56
MLUm	3.8 (0.6)	4.5 (0.8)	<0.001	−0.99
High-Level	0.10 (0.06)	0.16 (0.08)	0.004	−0.91
Directing	0.25 (0.12)	0.14 (0.60)	<0.001	1.20

Note. NTU = number of total utterances; NTW = number of total words; NDW = number of different words; MLUm = mean length of utterance in morphemes.