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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Health Commun. 2015 Sep 11;31(4):417–424. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2014.963786

Table 3.

Cross-sectional Effects of Non-Medical Seeking on PSA Testing in the Past Year

Time 1 Time 2
n = 767 n = 763
OR 95% CI OR 95% CI
Non-Medical Seeking (0-1) 9.74** [4.37, 21.70] 5.78** [3.17, 10.55]
Non-Medical Scanning (0-8) 0.99 [0.83, 1.18] 1.07 [0.94, 1.23]
Age 1.15** [1.11, 1.19] 1.11** [1.08, 1.14]
Race/ethnicity
    Non-Hispanic White 1.00 1.00
    Non-Hispanic Black 0.65 [0.25, 1.68] 1.48 [0.63, 3.44]
    Hispanic/Other 0.50 [0.21, 1.21] 0.89 [0.42, 1.88]
Income 1.12** [1.04, 1.21] 1.12** [1.05, 1.20]
Education 1.10 [1.00, 1.20] 0.96 [0.88, 1.05]
Marital status
    Married 1.00 1.00
    Single (never married) 1.26 [0.57, 2.80] 1.34 [0.63, 2.81]
    Divorced/Widowed/Separated 1.31 [0.68, 2.51] 1.31 [0.73, 2.35]
Living in an urban area 0.77 [0.44, 1.38] 0.90 [0.51, 1.57]
Region of the country
    Northeast 1.00 1.00
    Midwest 0.81 [0.38, 1.72] 0.34** [0.17, 0.69]
    South 0.66 [0.34, 1.30] 0.78 [0.41, 1.50]
    West 0.61 [0.29, 1.28] 0.68 [0.35, 1.32]
General media use 1.01 [0.97, 1.05] 1.01 [0.98, 1.05]
Health media use 1.05 [0.95, 1.15] 1.04 [0.95, 1.14]
Health status 0.96 [0.72, 1.28] 0.82 [0.63, 1.08]
Past year doctor visits 1.09 [1.00, 1.20] 1.04 [0.97, 1.13]
Exercise 0.91 [0.81, 1.02] 1.01 [0.90, 1.12]
Fruit and vegetable intake 1.03 [0.93, 1.15] 1.03 [0.93, 1.15]
BMI 0.96 [0.92, 1.01] 0.98 [0.93, 1.03]
Health orientation 1.27 [0.88, 1.85] 1.46* [1.06, 2.02]
Smoking status 0.64 [0.35, 1.14] 0.38** [0.20, 0.72]
Health knowledge 1.09 [0.93, 1.26] 1.14 [0.98, 1.33]
Dieting past month 1.10 [0.69, 1.75] 0.92 [0.57, 1.48]
Cancer fatalism 0.96 [0.74, 1.25] 0.97 [0.76, 1.24]
Personal colon cancer history 1.07 [0.56, 2.04] 0.67 [0.33, 1.35]
Family/friends prostate cancer history 1.19 [0.74, 1.91] 1.11 [0.70, 1.76]
*

p<.05

**

p<.01

All analyses are weighted to be nationally representative and adjust for confounders measured at Time 1. Significant differences for individual categories within a set are only noted if the set is also significant at p < .10.