Table 2.

Comparison of metabolic and cardiovascular parameters between non-obese and obese HIV-infected subjects

Outcome variable	Non-obese (n=35)	Obese (n=35)	p-value
Glucose metabolism assessments
HOMA2 beta-cell function, %	100 (80, 128)	173 (116, 211)	<0.001
HOMA2 insulin sensitivity, %	130 (74, 191)	58 (41, 89)	<0.001
OGIS 120, ml/min/m²	447 (401, 485)	379 (328, 422)	<0.001
Hemoglobin A1c, %	5.1 (4.9, 5.5)	5.2 (5.0, 5.6)	0.14
Insulin, µU/ml	6.1 (4.2, 10.6)	13.3 (8.6, 19.4)	<0.001
Adipokine levels
Leptin, ng/ml	9.2 (3.9, 13.4)	30.4 (18.3, 42.6)	<0.001
Adiponectin, µg/ml	12.4 (6.7, 16.5)	9.1 (5.2, 12.0)	0.03
Resistin, ng/ml	17.5 (11.8, 23.3)	20.0 (14.6, 26.2)	0.28
Plasma lipids
Total cholesterol, mg/dl	174 (152, 203)	177 (155, 200)	0.59
HDL, mg/dl	46 (35, 64)	44 (39, 49)	0.28
LDL, mg/dl	101 (85, 122)	111 (88, 129)	0.50
Triglycerides, mg/dl	94 (66, 131)	104 (85, 152)	0.12
Inflammation biomarkers
High sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/l	1.6 (0.7, 2.8)	5.8 (2.0, 9.4)	<0.001
Interleukin-6, pg/ml	2.5 (1.6, 3.8)	4.2 (2.9, 7.1)	<0.001
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 1, ng/ml	11.0 (9.5, 12.2)	12.2 (10.2, 15.1)	0.048
Soluble CD163, ng/ml	500 (413, 743)	563 (417, 664)	0.36
Soluble CD14, µg/ml	1.69 (1.44, 2.00)	1.69 (1.50, 1.92)	0.74
Vascular adhesion biomarkers
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1, ng/ml	513 (441, 663)	557 (448, 617)	0.55
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, ng/ml	583 (449, 630)	587 (470, 665)	0.83
Vascular ultrasound measurements
Carotid bulb intima-media thickness (IMT), cm	0.062 (0.054, 0.069)	0.062 (0.057, 0.077)	0.25
Common carotid IMT, cm	0.057 (0.052, 0.062)	0.062 (0.052, 0.071)	0.11
Internal carotid IMT, cm	0.056 (0.047, 0.067)	0.053 (0.044, 0.071)	0.97
Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, %	9.0 (5.9, 11.6)	8.4 (4.8, 10.6)	0.31

Abbreviations: HLD, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA, Homeostasis Model Assessment; OGIS, oral glucose insulin sensitivity; LDL, low-density lipoprotein