Table 2. Occurrence, status and frequency of COPD exacerbationon GOLD spirometry classification between retrospective and prospective.
| COPD exacerbation | Retrospective |
Prospective |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GOLD 1 (n=177) | GOLD 2 (n=566) | GOLD 3 (n=306) | GOLD 4 (n=65) | GOLD 1 (n=135) | GOLD 2 (n=473) | GOLD 3 (n=260) | GOLD 4 (n=52) | ||
| Occurrence, n (%)* | |||||||||
| Yes | 48 (27.1) | 175 (30.9) | 138 (45.1) | 35 (53.8) | 30 (22.2) | 144 (30.4) | 112 (43.1) | 29 (55.8) | |
| No | 129 (72.9) | 391 (69.1) | 168 (54.9) | 30 (46.2) | 105 (77.8) | 329 (69.6) | 148 (56.9) | 23 (44.2) | |
| Severity of COPD exacerbation, n (%) | |||||||||
| Severe | 19 (26.8) | 62 (20.7) | 79 (28.7) | 35 (38.5) | 14 (31.8) | 65 (25.6) | 67 (27.4) | 28 (36.4) | |
| Moderate | 47 (66.2) | 203 (67.7) | 168 (61.1) | 45 (49.4) | 26 (59.1) | 155 (61.0) | 140 (57.1) | 39 (50.6) | |
| Other | 5 (7.0) | 35 (11.7) | 28 (10.2) | 11 (12.1) | 4 (9.1) | 34 (13.4) | 38 (15.5) | 10 (13.0) | |
| Total | 71 [100] | 300 [100] | 275 [100] | 91 [100] | 44 [100] | 254 [100] | 245 [100] | 77 [100] | |
| Frequency of COPD exacerbation, n (%)# | |||||||||
| Mean of frequency | 1.5±1.1 | 1.7±1.1 | 2.0±1.7 | 2.6±2.5 | 1.5±1.1 | 1.8±1.3 | 2.2±1.8 | 2.7±2.7 | |
| 1 | 35 (14.5) | 108 (44.8) | 82 (34.0) | 16 (6.6) | 24 (13.4) | 85 (47.5) | 57 (31.8) | 13 (7.3) | |
| ≥2 | 13 (8.4) | 67 (43.2) | 56 (36.1) | 19 (12.3) | 6 (4.4) | 59 (43.4) | 55 (40.4) | 16 (11.8) | |
Mean ± SD or n (%) for the statistics. *, Chi-square test; #, ANOVA. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; ANOVA, analysis of variance.