Table 1. Reasons of conversions.
| Diagnosis | Reasons | Converted to |
|---|---|---|
| Right upper lung cancer | Bleeding caused by traction of lung | Thoracotomy |
| Right upper lung cancer | Lymph nodes attached to arteries tightly | Three-portal VATS |
| Left upper lung cancer | Lymph nodes attached to arteries tightly | Three-portal VATS |
| Intralobar sequestration | Poor exposure caused by adhesion | Two-portal VATS |
| Bronchiectasis | Severe adhesion and calcified lymph nodes attached to arteries | Thoracotomy |
| Left lower lung cancer | Calcified lymph nodes attached to arteries | Thoracotomy |
VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery.