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. 2015 Oct 30;2(12):2003–2009. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.10.029

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© 2015 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 4 — Association between transient carbohydrate deficits and 24-h fat oxidation.

Mean ± SE of the lowest value of relative carbohydrate balance (kcal) and 24-h fat oxidation (kcal/24 h) for 9 groups from 3 different studies are plotted. Subjects in the present study completed 4 trials with exercise in the morning (), afternoon (), and evening () or without exercise (□). In our previous studies, 12 male subjects completed 2 trials of 60-min exercise session at 50% VO₂max before breakfast () or after breakfast () (Shimada et al., 2013), and 9 male subjects completed 3 trials of 100-min exercise sessions at 65% of VO₂max before breakfast (), after lunch (), or two 50-min exercise sessions before breakfast and after lunch (●) (Iwayama et al., 2015). The correlation coefficient between lowest carbohydrate balance values and 24-h fat oxidation was − 0.51 (n = 91; P < 0.01).

Inline graphic — Association between transient carbohydrate deficits and 24-h fat oxidation.

Mean ± SE of the lowest value of relative carbohydrate balance (kcal) and 24-h fat oxidation (kcal/24 h) for 9 groups from 3 different studies are plotted. Subjects in the present study completed 4 trials with exercise in the morning (), afternoon (), and evening () or without exercise (□). In our previous studies, 12 male subjects completed 2 trials of 60-min exercise session at 50% VO₂max before breakfast () or after breakfast () (Shimada et al., 2013), and 9 male subjects completed 3 trials of 100-min exercise sessions at 65% of VO₂max before breakfast (), after lunch (), or two 50-min exercise sessions before breakfast and after lunch (●) (Iwayama et al., 2015). The correlation coefficient between lowest carbohydrate balance values and 24-h fat oxidation was − 0.51 (n = 91; P < 0.01).