Association between transient fat deficits and 24-h fat oxidation.
Mean ± SE of the lowest value of relative fat balance (kcal) and 24-h fat oxidation (kcal/24 h) for 9 groups from 3 different studies are plotted. Subjects in the present study completed 4 trials with exercise in the morning (), afternoon (), and evening () or without exercise (□). In our previous studies, 12 male subjects completed 2 trials of 60-min exercise session at 50% VO2max before breakfast () or after breakfast () (Shimada et al., 2013), and 9 male subjects completed 3 trials of 100-min exercise sessions at 65% of VO2max before breakfast (), after lunch (), or two 50-min exercise sessions before breakfast and after lunch (●) (Iwayama et al., 2015). The correlation coefficient between lowest fat balance values and 24-h fat oxidation was − 0.87 (n = 91; P < 0.01).