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. 2016 Jan 7;6:411. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00411

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Copyright © 2016 Uva, Aliverti, Bovio and Kayser.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The figure shows the three different breathing modes during exercise performed by the subjects, spontaneous (A), rib cage (B), and abdominal mode (C) respectively. From top to bottom: OEP measured Rib cage volume (V_rc), abdominal volume (V_ab), derived from OEP, WBP measured changes in body volume variation and thus in lung volume variations (V_b), superimposed in red on V_cw variations and blood shifts between trunk and extremities (V_bs) calculated as the differences between ΔV_cw and ΔV_b.