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. 2016 Jan 7;6:1509. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01509

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Copyright © 2016 Caroline, Kujawa, Oury, Reed and Hartman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Course of neurological disease in RVFV-infected Lewis rats. Timing of clinical and virological events after aerosol exposure to RVFV. The clinical window is from 5 dpi until death of the rat, and consists of behavioral and appearance changes, weight loss, and fever. Rats succumb to disease between 6 and 8 dpi. Cytokine/chemokine dysregulation in the blood starts as early as 1 dpi (RANTES) and extends to 5 dpi (MCP-1, M-CSF, and Gro/KC). Changes in CBC start at 4 dpi and persist throughout infection. Live virus is found in the brain from 5 dpi onwards, along with significant pathology and cytokine/chemokine dysregulation. Virus-specific antibody responses are not apparent until 6 dpi.