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. 2016 Jan 7;6:303. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00303

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Copyright © 2016 Weiskirchen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Sho-shaiko-to a herbal mixture and its main ingredients. Sho-saiko-to contains root of Bupleurum, root/stolon of Glycyrrhiza, root w/o rootlets of Panax ginseng, tuber w/o cork layer of Pinelliae, rot w/o periderm of Scutellaria, root/rhizome of Zingiber, and fruit of Ziziphus jujube. Each herb contribute some key ingredients that together are made responsible for the antifibrotic activity of Sho-saiko-to. Bupleurum contains different Saikosaponins (e.g., Saikosaponin A, CAS 20736-09-8; Saikosaponin D, CAS 20874-52-6), while licorice is enriched with the glycyrrihizin (CAS 1405-86-3) and liquiritin (CAS 551-15-5). Ginseng contains different ginsenosides and panaxic acid. Pinellia is enriched with homogentisic acid (CAS 451-13-8), ephedrine (CAS 299-42-3), and choline (CAS 67-48-1). Baical skullcap contains baicalin (CAS 21967-41-9), baicalein (CAS 491-67-8), and wogonin (CAS 632-85-9). The active components of ginger are gingerol and shogoal. Jujube is enriched in cyclic AMP (CAS 60-92-4), vitamin C (CAS 50-81-7), vitamin A (CAS 68-26-8), niacin (CAS 59-67-6), riboflavin (CAS 83-88-5), and thiamine (CAS 59-43-8). The plant images were provided by Dr. Heidi Heuberger (LfL, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Freising, Germany, www.lfl.bayern.de/).