Table 1.
Species in Aspergillus section Fumigati and their extrolite production (species written in bold are known to be pathogenic to humans and/or other mammals).
| Aspergillus arcoverdensis: N.E. (Matsusawa et al., 2015) |
| Aspergillus assulatus: aszonapyrone A, indole alkaloids and apolar metabolites (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus auratus: helvolic acid (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus aureolus: fiscalins, fumagillin, fumiquinazolines, helvolic acid, pseurotin A, tryptoquivalines, tryptoquivalones, viriditoxin (Samson et al., 2007; Kaur et al., 2013) |
| Aspergillus australensis: aszonalenins, wortmannins (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus beijingensis: N.E. (Li et al., 1998) |
| Aspergillus botucatensis (= A. spinosus) (Horie et al., 1995; Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus brevipes: roquefortine C, cf. meleagrin, viriditoxin (trace) (Lillehoj and Milburn, 1973; Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus brevistipitatus: N.E. (Novaková et al., 2014) |
| Aspergillus caatingaensis: N.E. (Matsusawa et al., 2014b) |
| Aspergillus conversis: N.E. (Novaková et al., 2014) |
| Aspergillus “coreanus” (Neosartorya coreana): aszonalenins (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus delicatus (= A. tatenoi) (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus denticulatus: gliotoxin, viriditoxin (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus duricaulis: asperdurin, asperpentyn, cyclopaldic acid, duricaulic acid, fumagillin, 3-O-methylcyclopolic acid, furochromanols and phthalides, pseurotin A (Brillinger et al., 1978; Achenbach et al., 1982a,b, 1985a,b; Mühlenfeld and Achenbach, 1988a,b; Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus felis: fumagillin, fumigaclavine C, fumitremorgin A and C, helvolic acid, monomethylsulochrin, pyripyropen A, E, O, S, trypacidin (reported as “A. viridinutans”, Tamiya et al., 2015, but A. viridinutans has a very different profile of extrolites, and many isolates reported as A. viridinutans have been shown to be A. felis; Barrs et al., 2013) |
| Aspergillus fennelliae: asperfuran, aszonalenins, fumigaclavines, viridicatumtoxin (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus ferenczii: asperfuran, aszonalenins, fumigaclavine, fumigatins, cf. gliotoxin, viridicatumtoxin (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus fischeri: 5-N-acetylardeemin, 5-N-acetyl-15b-didehydroardeemin, 5-N-acetyl-16-hydroxyardeemin, acetylaszonalenin, ardeemin, aszonalenin, aszonapyrone A, B, cottoquinazolin E & F, cyclotryprostatin B, 12α,13α-dihydroxyfumitremorgin C, rel-(8S)-19,20-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-9,18-epifumitremorgin C, fiscalin A, B, C, fischerin, 1-formyl-5-hydroxyaszonalenin, fumitremorgin A, B, C, helvolic acid, 6-hydroxyaszonalenin, 15b-β-hydroxy-5-N-ardeemin, isoterrein, neofipiperazine A, B, C, neosartorin, nortryptoquivalone, 13-oxofumitremorgin B, pyripyropene A, pyripyrone S, sarcins, sartorypyrone B & D, sesterfischeric acid, sesterfischerol, terrein, TR-2, trypacidin, tryptoquivalines, verruculogen (Samson et al., 1990; Wong et al., 1993; Wakana et al., 2006; Samson et al., 2007; Yin et al., 2009; Eamvijarn et al., 2013a; Lee et al., 2013; Gomes et al., 2014; Shan et al., 2014; Sodngam et al., 2014) (as “Xylaria humosa”) (Zhang et al., 2014; Zheng et al., 2014; Kaifuchi et al., 2015; Shan et al., 2015; Ye et al., 2015). There are indications that A. fischeri can also produce fumagillin (Lin et al., 2013; Wiemann et al., 2013) |
| [fiscalin B, helvolic acid, helvolinic acid, 27-epi-nortryptoquivaline, setosusin, 2-(1-oxo-2-hydroxyethyl)furan, 27-epi-tryptoquivaline, was found in “Corynascus setosus,” which is probably an Aspergillus fischeri or alternatively the Corynascus culture was overgrown by A. fischeri; Fujimoto et al., 1996] |
| [cladoquinazoline, epi-cladoquinazoline, CS-C, deoxynortryptoquivaline, deoxytryptoquivaline, glyantrypine, 3-hydroxyglyantrypine, norquinadoline A, oxoglyantrypine, prelapatin B, quinadoline A, B, tryptoquivaline was reported from a Cladosporium sp., but the culture may have been overgrown with an Aspergillus fischeri; Peng et al., 2013] |
| Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis: auranthine, cycloechinuline, fumigaclavines, helvolic acid, neosartorin, palitantin, pyripyropen A, E, O, S, tryptoquivalins (Samson et al., 2007; Ola et al., 2014) |
| Aspergillus fumigatus: Wang compound 1,2, 3, Zhao compound 1, 2, 3, Zuck compound 1,2,3, N-acetyltyramine, asperfumigatin, asperfumin, asperfumoid, azaspirene, bisdechlorogeodin, chaetominine, bisdethio(bismethylthio)gliotoxin, brevianamide F, 4-carboxy-5,5′-dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethyldiphenylether, cephalimycin A, B, C, D, 2-chloro-1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-9-anthrone, cyclo-(Ala-Val), cyclotryprostatin A, B, C, D, cyclo(L-4-hydroxyproline-L-leucine), cyclo(L-4-hydroxyproline-L-phenylalanine), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Pro), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Gly), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Leu), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Pro), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), cyclo(L-Val-L-Leu), cyclotrypostatin C, 9-deacetoxyfumigaclavine C, 9-deacetylfumigaclavine C, 13-dehydroxycyclotryprostatin C, demethoxyfumitremorgin C, (4S,5S,6S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,16S,17Z)-6,16-diacetoxy-25-hydroxy-3,7-dioxy-29-nordammara-1,17(20)-dien-21-oic acid, didehydrobisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin, difructosedianhydride, 1,2-dihydrohelvolic acid, 12,13-dihydroxyfumitremorgin C = TR-3, 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 5,8-dihydroxy-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 2,6-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, dimethoxyfumitremorgin C, emodin, emodin 1,6-dimethylether, epoxysuccinic acid, ferrichrome C, festuclavine, FD-889, FK-463, fumagillin, fumagiringillin, fumifungin, fumigaclavine A, B, C,D, E, F, G, H (fumigaclavine A reported also from A. tamarii, but this was an A. fumigatus, Janardhanan et al., 1984), fumigatin, fumigatin chlorohydrin, fumigatin oxide, fumigatin quinol, fumigatonin (identity of producer not verified), fumigatoside B, C, and D, fumipyrrole, fumiquinazolin A, B, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K, fumiquinone A and B, fumitremorgin A, B, C, and D, (GERI-BP002-A), fusarinine C, glionitrin A and B, gliotoxin, gliotoxin E and G, helvolic acid, helvolinic acid, hexahydropolyprenol-18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 3-β-hydroxy-cyclo-L-tryptophyl-L-proline, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, N-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)formamide, 14-hydroxyterezine D, 3-hydroxytoluquinone, 20-hydroxytryrpostatin B, isochaetominin, isorhodoptilometrin, LL-S490β, 6-methoxyspirotryprostatin B, 8′-O-methylasterric ac id, 11-O-methylpseurotin, monomethylsulochrin, orsellinic acid, 13-oxofumitremorgin B, 18-oxotryprostatin A, 13-oxo-verruculogen, 14-norpseurotin A, N-prenyl-cyclo-L-tryptophyl-L-proline, pseurotin A, A1, A2, D, F1, F2, pyripyropen A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, and S, questin, RK-95113, cis and trans-ruakuric acid (Cutler et al., 1996, identity of fungus could not be checked), Sch-528647, sphingofungin A, B, C, D, spinulosin, spinulosin hydrate, spinulosin quinol hydrate, spirotryprostatin A, B, C, D, and E, synerazol, terezine D, TR-2, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy-5-methylbenzene, 4,8,10,14-tetramethyl-6-acetoxy-14-[16-acetoxy-19-(20,21-dimethyl)-18-ene]phenanthrene-1-ene-3,7-dione, 3-thiomethyl-cyclo(Ser, Phe), triacetylfusarinine, tryptostatin A, B, trypacidin, 1,2-seco-tryprostatin, tryptoquivaline F, G, H, I, J, L, M, and N, tryptoquivalin R?, S?, verruculogen (Samson et al., 1990; Land et al., 1993; Cui et al., 1996; Tepsic et al., 1997; Furtado et al., 2005; Han et al., 2007a,b; Samson et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2008 (as “A. sydowi”); Frisvad et al., 2009; Zhao et al., 2010; Afiyatullov et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2012; Cano et al., 2013; Ding et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2013; Alcazar-Fuoli et al., 2014; Haas, 2014; Kim et al., 2014; Owens et al., 2014; Wiekmann et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2014; Liang et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2015; MacHeleidt et al., 2015; Tamiya et al., 2015; Xie et al., 2015) |
| [Aspergillus fumigatus (fungus misidentified): antafumicin A and B, cytochalasin E, expansolide A and B Macías et al., 2003, the strain used was misidentified and was an Aspergillus clavatus; isosclerone Li et al., 2014] |
| Aspergillus fumisynnematus: cyclopiazonic acid, fumimycin, neosartorin, pyripyropens (Kwon et al., 2007; Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus galapagensis: gregatins (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus hiratsukae: avenaciolide (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus huiyaniae: N.E. (Matsusawa et al., 2014a) |
| Aspergillus indohii: N.E. (Horie et al., 2003) |
| Aspergillus laciniosus: aszonalenins, aszonapyrone A and B, 3′-(4-oxoquinazolin-3-yl)spiro[1H-indol-3,5′-oxolane]2,2′-dione, 4(3H)-quinazoline, tryptoquivaline L & T (Samson et al., 2007; Eamvijarn et al., 2013a; Gomes et al., 2014) |
| Aspergillus lentulus: auranthine, cyclopiazonic acid, fumifungin, fumigaclavine A, B, C, fumiquinazoline F or G, monomethylsulochrin, neosartorin, pyripyropen A, E, O, S, sphingofungin A, B, C, D, terrein, trypacidin (Larsen et al., 2007; Samson et al., 2007,: Frisvad et al., 2009; Tamiya et al., 2015) |
| Aspergillus marvanovae: apolar indoloterpenes (Hubka et al., 2013) |
| Aspergillus multiplicatus: aszonapyrone A, helvolic acid (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus neoglaber: asperpentyn, avenaciolide, glabramycin A, B, C, Mer-NF8054A, Mer-NF8054X, NK-372135A, B, C, sartoryglabrin A, B, C, wortmannins (Ellis et al., 1964; Morino et al., 1994; Samson et al., 2007; Jayasuriya et al., 2009; Kijjoa et al., 2011) |
| Aspergillus nishimurae: Anishidiol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-methylbenzylalcohol, monochaetin (Hosoe et al., 2011) |
| Aspergillus novofumigatus: Dihydroterrein, epi-aszonalenin A, B, C, ent-cycloechinulin, dihydroterrein, fiscalins, helvolic acid, neosartorin, novoamauromin, novobenzomalvin A, B, C, novofumigatamide, novofumigatonin, palitantin, terrein, territrem B (Rank et al., 2006; Samson et al., 2007; Rank et al., 2008; Hosoe et al., 2009; Ishikawa et al., 2010a,b, 2011) |
| Aspergillus otanii = A. fennelliae (Takeda et al., 2001; Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus papuensis: wortmannins (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus parafelis: N.E. (Sugui et al., 2014) |
| Aspergillus paulistensis [= A. spinosus according to Samson et al. (2007)]: 3′-(4-oxoquinazolin-3-yl)spiro[1H-indol-3,5′-oxolane]2,2′-dione, 4(3H)-quinazoline, sartorypyrone C, tryptoquivaline L (Horie et al., 1995; Gomes et al., 2014) |
| Aspergillus pernambucoensis: N.E. (Matsusawa et al., 2014b) |
| Aspergillus primulinus = A. quadricinctus (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus pseudofelis: N.E. (Sugui et al., 2014) |
| Aspergillus pseudoviridinutans: N.E. (Sugui et al., 2014) |
| Aspergillus quadricinctus: aszonalenins, PF1223, quinolactacin (Ozoe et al., 2004; Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus qizutongii: N.E. (Li et al., 1998) |
| Aspergillus shendawei: N.E. (Yaguchi et al., 2010) |
| Aspergillus siamensis: chevalone B, C, 4-dihydroxy-3-methylacetophenone, fiscalin A, C, epi-fiscalin A, C, neofiscalin A, epi-neofiscalin A, 3′-(4-oxoquinazolin-3-yl)spiro[1H-indole-3,5′-oxolane]-2,2′-dione, sartorymensin, tryptoquivaline, tryptoquivaline F, H, L, O (Buttachon et al., 2012; Eamvijarn et al., 2013b) |
| Aspergillus similanensis: chevalone, B, C, E, 6,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethylisocoumarin, 6,8-dihydroxy3-methylisocoumarin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 5-hydroxy-8-methyl-2H,6H-pyrano[3,4-g]chromene-2,6-dione, pyripyropen E, S, and T, reticulol, S14-95, similanamide, similanpyrone C (Prompanya et al., 2014, 2015) |
| Aspergillus solicola: aszonalenins, chromanols, tryptoquivalines, tryptoquivalones, wortmannins (Samson et al., 2007, 2014) |
| Aspergillus spathulatus: aszonalenins, xanthocillins (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus spinosus: aszonalenins, pseurotins, 2-pyrovoylaminobenzamide, fumigachlorin (Atsumi et al., 1970; Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus stramenius: avenaciolide, quinolactacin (Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus sublevisporus: N.E. (Someya et al., 1999) |
| Aspergillus takakii = A. spinosus (?) (Samson et al., 2007): acetylaszonalenin, aszonalenin, aszonapyrone A, chevalone B, 6-hydroxymellein, 3′-(4-oxoquinazolin-3-yl) spiro[1H-indole-3,5′-oxalone]-2-2′-dione, tryptoquivaline F, H, L, U (Zin et al., 2015) |
| Aspergillus tatenoi: aszonalenin, aszonapyrone A, B, tatenoic acid (Samson et al., 2007; Yim et al., 2014) |
| Aspergillus thermomutatus: 6-acetylbis(methylthio)gliotoxin, acetylgliotoxin, asperfuran, bisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin, bis-N-norgliovictin, brasilianamide B, cadinene, CJ-12662?, 3,8-diacetyl-4-(3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy)benzyl-7-phenyl-6-oxa-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, didehydrobisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin, euchevalierine, fiscalins (?), fischerindoline, gliotoxin, helvolic acid, 3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate, N-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide, neosartorin A, B, C, pseudofischerine, pyripyropen A, E, O, S, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dioxopyrazino[1,2-a]indole, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-methylene-1,4-dioxopyrazino[1,2-a]indole, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-1,3,4-trioxopyrazino[1,2-a]indole, (tryptoquivalin R, S ?) [maybe: misidentified as “Eurotium chevalieri”: cadinene, chevalone A, B, C, D, aszonapyrone A, B, euchevalerine, CJ-12662 Kanokmedhakul et al., 2011] (Samson et al., 2007; Eamvijarn et al., 2012; Masi et al., 2013; Xu et al., 2013; Liang et al., 2014) |
| Aspergillus tsunodae: helvolic acid, sartorypyrone A and B (Yaguchi et al., 2010; Eamvijarn et al., 2013a; Gomes et al., 2014) |
| Aspergillus tsurutae: N.E. (Horie et al., 2003) |
| Aspergillus turcosus: aszonalenins, gliotoxin, kotanins (Samson et al., 2007; Hubka et al., 2013) |
| Aspergillus udagawae: fumagillin, fumigaclavine A and C, fumigatins, fumiquinazolin F or G, helvolic acid, monomethylsulochrin, pyripyropene A, E, trypacidin, tryptoquivalines, tryptoquivalones (Samson et al., 2007; Tamiya et al., 2015) |
| Aspergillus unilateralis: aszonapyrones, mycophenolic acid (Samson et al., 2007; Hubka et al., 2013) |
| Aspergillus viridinutans: 4-acetyl-6,8-dihydroxy-5-methyl-2-benzopyran-1-1 A, 13-O-methylviriditin, phomaligin A, SC-28763, SC-30532, semiviriditoxin, viriditoxin, viritin, viriditin, wasabidienone B0 and B1 (Omolo et al., 2000; Samson et al., 2007) |
| Aspergillus waksmanii: apolar indoloterpenes (Hubka et al., 2013) |
| Aspergillus wangduanglii: N.E. (Li et al., 1998) |
| Aspergillus wyomingensis: N.E. (Novaková et al., 2014) |
N.E: Not Examined.