Table 4.

Procedural costs.

Authors (Country, year)	Sample size	Investigated procedure	Results
Kao (USA, 1995)5	25 outpatient, 12 inpatient	Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament	Mean total cost was $3905 at the outpatient center versus $9220 at the inpatient center
Novak (USA, 1996)10	45 outpatient, 29 inpatient	Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament	Mean total cost was $8815 at the outpatient center versus $12,040 for an overnight stay at the inpatient center
Aronowitz (USA, 1998)9	34 outpatient, 1 inpatient	Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament	Mean total cost was $3706 at the outpatient center versus $8406 at the inpatient center
Bertin (USA, 2005)6	10 inpatient, 10 outpatient	Total hip arthroplasty	Mean total cost was $19,021.24 at the outpatient center versus $23,087.38 at the inpatient hospital
Mather (USA, 2011)12	93 ASC, 37 inpatient	Volar plating for closed distal radius fractures	Mean total cost was $5220 at the ASC1 versus $7640 at the inpatient hospital
Lovald (USA, 2014)11	71,341 3-4 day inpatient, 23,134 5+day inpatient, 7755 1-2 day inpatient, 454 outpatient	Total knee arthroplasty	The 3-4 day group was the reference group and the incremental payments for osteoarthritis attributable costs at 2 years were -$8527 (lower) for the outpatient group,-$1967 (lower) for the 1-2 day group, and +$1159 (higher) for the 5+ day group
Aynardi (USA, 2014)13	119 outpatient, 78 inpatient	Total hip arthroplasty	Mean total cost was $24,529 at the outpatient center