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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 7.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurol Neurophysiol. 2015;6(6):1–6.

Figure 2. Drosophila expressing hAβPP and hBACE1 exhibit hyperactivity with multiple features of ADHD.

Figure 2

A-B: Low-level hAβPP/hBACE1 expression increased the spontaneous activity of flies. A: Low-level hAβPP/hBACE1 expression was induced by RU486 (200μM) under the Elav-GS driver. 24 hr spontaneous activity was monitored for flies maintained on DR or AL foods. DR food has sucrose to yeast extract ratio of 10:1, while AL food has a 1:1 sucrose to yeast extract ratio. “+” indicates RU486 induced groups while “−” indicates uninduced groups. Error bar indicates SEM, with n = 3 for each group (* indicates p < 0.05, student t test). B: The graph shows averaged activity (three vials per group, with 25 flies in each vial) per 10 min for control and hAβPP/hBACE1 expressing flies. The x-axis represents time (in hr). The activity measurement was started at 4PM. C: hAβPP/hBACE1 induced hyperactivity is more prominent in males and disappears as the flies age. 24hr spontaneous activity percent change over control was monitored over 6 weeks. This experiment was repeated three times and similar results were obtained. Error bar indicates SEM. D: hAβPP/hBACE1 induced hyperactivity responds to dextroamphetamine treatment. hAβPP/hBACE1 expressing (RU-486 induced) and control (uninduced) flies were treated with 1mg/ml dextroamphetamine. 24hr spontaneous activity was monitored before treatment, during treatment, and 24 hr after treatment. These are male flies fed on DR foods. Error bar indicates SEM, with n = 3 for each group (One way ANOVA, F(2,6)=6.10, p<0.035, pairwise comparisons: * indicates p<0.05, *** indicates p<0.001). E: Uninduced flies do not show reduced activity upon dextroamphetamine treatment. Uninduced Elav-GS/UAS-hAβPP,UAS-hBACE1 flies were treated with 1mg/ml dextroamphetamine. The 24hr spontaneous activity of both uninduced dextroamphetamine treatment group flies and the control (uninduced, not treated with dextroamphetamine) flies was monitored before and during treatment. Error bar indicates SEM, with n = 4. F: Male flies on AL diet, female flies on DR diet, and female flies on AL diet do not show reduced activity upon dextroamphetamine treatment. hAβPP/hBACE1 expressing flies (Male/AL; Female/DR; Female/AL) were treated with 1mg/ml dextroamphetamine. The 24hr spontaneous activity of both experimental groups and the control (hAβPP/hBACE1 expressing, not treated with dextroamphetamine) groups was monitored before and during treatment. Percentage 24hr activity over control was calculated for each experimental group. Averages of all three groups (Male/AL; Female/DR; Female/AL) were presented. Error bar indicates SEM, with n = 3.