Effects of QX-314 and capsaicin applied onto motor nerve tested with jaw-opening reflex. QX-314, capsaicin or both were applied onto mylohyoid nerve, the motor nerve innervating digastric muscle, while measuring dEMGs in response to electrical stimulus (×2.5T). Right panels show the representative dEMGs at the time points indicated in the left panels. The normalized EMG had no significant change in amplitude after 1% QX-314 with 0.5 µg/µl capsaicin (A), application of 1% QX-314 (B) and 0.5 µg/µl capsaicin (C). As a positive control, the dEMG amplitude decreased dramatically upon the application of 10% lidocaine (20 µl) onto mylohyoid nerve (D).