FIG 5.

Endotoxin activity of CMA3 antimicrobial peptide against induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. (A) Effect of CMA3 on E. coli LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. All values represent the mean results ± SD from three individual experiments (P < 0.005). (B) Western blot showing intracellular TNF-α levels in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with E. coli LPS with and without CMA3. (C) TNF-α levels in culture supernatants of RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS with and without CMA3. TNF-α level were determined using an ELISA. Error bars indicate ±SD (P < 0.005). (D) Immunohistochemical analysis of the effects of CMA3 on LPS-induced TNF-α expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Shown are confocal micrographs of RAW 264.7 cells stained for TNF-α (green); the nuclei were labeled with DAPI (blue). The scale bar is 10 μm.