Figure 2.

Same case as Figure 1. (a) A 53 year old patient with complex bilateral pneumothorax secondary to bronchiectasis and interstitial lung disease. A round-shaped wound is found on the lung surface. (b) Bubbling is seen on spontaneous ventilation, indicating an active air-leak. (c) The defect was repaired by means of thrombin foam instillation under local anesthesia and twilight sedation.