Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, lifestyle and genetic characteristics of the study participants at baseline according to the CLOCK-rs4580704 genotype
| CC (n = 2667) | CG (n = 3415) | GG (n = 1016) | P1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.9 | (6.2) | 67.0 | (6.2) | 67.0 | (6.3) | 0.961 |
| Weight (Kg) | 76.9 | (12.0) | 77.1 | (12.1) | 75.4 | (11.5) | <0.001 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 30.0 | (3.8) | 30.0 | (3.9) | 29.7 | (3.8) | 0.030 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 100.5 | (10.3) | 100.6 | (10.9) | 99.3 | (10.3) | 0.002 |
| Female sex n, % | 1551 | (58.2) | 1932 | (56.6) | 587 | (57.8) | 0.444 |
| Current smokers n, % | 365 | (13.7) | 494 | (14.5) | 143 | (14.1) | 0.399 |
| T2D prevalence n, % | 1314 | (49.3) | 1616 | (47.3) | 497 | (48.9) | 0.291 |
| CLOCK-rs4580704 n, % | 0.570 | ||||||
| MedDiet with EVOO | 901 | (33.8) | 1208 | (35.4) | 339 | (33.4) | |
| MedDiet with nuts | 927 | (34.8) | 1078 | (31.6) | 328 | (32.3) | |
| Control | 839 | (31.5) | 1129 | (33.1) | 349 | (34.4) | |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 149.1 | (20.8) | 149.6 | (20.7) | 149.5 | (21.0) | 0.676 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 83.5 | (11.1) | 83.5 | (10.9) | 83.0 | (11.0) | 0.389 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 71.5 | (11.1) | 71.4 | (11.3) | 70.7 | (10.8) | 0.117 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 209.9 | (37.8) | 211.2 | (39.0) | 210.0 | (36.2) | 0.417 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 129.2 | (33.7) | 130.0 | (34.0) | 129.6 | (32.7) | 0.635 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 53.8 | (13.7) | 53.6 | (13.9) | 54.5 | (14.3) | 0.224 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 137.5 | (75.5) | 137.6 | (75.1) | 132.6 | (68.6) | 0.109 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 122.9 | (41.8) | 121.8 | (41.8) | 120.4 | (39.1) | 0.268 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 2275 | (603) | 2281 | (605) | 2272 | (605) | 0.887 |
| Total fat (g/d) | 98.8 | (30.3) | 99.1 | (30.6) | 97.8 | (29.9) | 0.510 |
| Saturated fat (g/d) | 25.2 | (9.2) | 25.5 | (9.3) | 25.0 | (8.9) | 0.313 |
| MUFA (g/d) | 48.9 | (16.0) | 49.0 | (16.0) | 48.6 | (16.0) | 0.832 |
| PUFA (g/d) | 15.8 | (6.9) | 15.9 | (7.2) | 15.6 | (6.6) | 0.380 |
| Proteins (g/d) | 92.3 | (22.8) | 92.6 | (23.2) | 93.2 | (23.5) | 0.558 |
| Carbohydrates (g/d) | 239.6 | (80.6) | 239.5 | (81.1) | 239.9 | (81.2) | 0.987 |
| Adherence to the MedDiet (points)a | 8.6 | (2.0) | 8.7 | (2.0) | 8.7 | (2.0) | 0.037 |
| Alcohol consumption (g/d) | 8.3 | (14.4) | 8.6 | (14.1) | 8.4 | (14.6) | 0.718 |
| Physical activity (METs-min/day) | 232 | (238) | 227 | (237) | 243 | (253) | 0.218 |
Total indicates the maximum number of participants included with genotype data and demographic, anthropometric, adherence to MedDiet, physical activity and clinical variables. For dietary intake obtained by food-frequency questionnaires n = 7040 subjects were analyzed after exclusion of n = 58 subjects with invalid data. Biochemical data were available for fasting glucose (n = 6716 participants) total cholesterol (n = 6834 participants), HDL cholesterol (n = 6753 participants), LDL cholesterol (n = 6698 participants), and triglycerides (n = 6795 participants)
MUFA Monounsaturated fatty acids, MedDiet Mediterranean diet, EVOO extra virgin olive oil
aBased on a 14-point screener of adherence
1 P unadjusted P-value obtained in the ANOVA test