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. 2015 Dec 14;17:361. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0876-y

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© Tan et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Schematic of experimental design. Studies 1 through 3 utilized the well-established juvenile bovine model system. Study 1 examined the protection afforded by low-dose IL-1α exposure. Study 2 investigated the time-dependent effects of preconditioning on protection by applying an immediate and delayed insult. Study 3 examined the effect of CoCl₂ preconditioning to investigate a potential mechanism of protection. Study 4 explored the translational potential of preconditioning schemes by characterizing the effect on clinically relevant adult passaged canine chondrocytes. CoCl ₂ cobalt chloride, IL-1 interleukin-1