Table 1.

Baseline Clinical Characteristics of Mother-Infant Pairs

Characteristic	Alexishafen Cohort	FIS Cohort	P Value
Number of pairs	157	143	…
Maternal characteristics
Maternal age in years, mean (range)	25.4 (16–49)	25 (16–42)	.543
Gravidity, mean (range)	2.77 (1–10)	1.8 (1–8)	<.001
Primigravid, n (%)	54 (34.4%)	70 (48.9%)	.012
Maternal hemoglobin at delivery (g/dL), mean (range)	9.3 (4.2–14.2)	9.67 (5.5–13.9)	.097
Anemic (≤9 g/dL), n (%)	63 (40%)	25 (17%)	<.001
Infant characteristics
Gestational age at birth in days, mean (range)	273 (245–294)	277 (255–300)	<.001
Birth weight in grams, mean (range)	3007 (2050–5700)	3057 (2100–4400)	.324
Low birth weight (<2500 g), n (%)	11 (7%)	10 (6.9%)	.996
Female, n (%)	70 (46.4%)	69 (48.3%)	.7451
Malaria exposure
Placental malaria by histology
Number of pairs with histology available	153	137	…
Placental malaria positive (stages 1–4), n (%)	93 (60.2%)	12 (8.8%)	<.001
Placental malaria negative (stage 5), n (%)	60 (39.2%)	125 (91.2%)	<.001
Stage 1—acute: parasites only, no pigment in monocytes or fibrin, n (%)	58 (37.9%)	7 (5.1%)	<.001
Stage 2—acute: parasites, pigment in monocytes +/− fibrin, n (%)	20 (13%)	0	<.001
Stage 3—chronic: parasites, pigment in fibrin, n (%)	3 (2.0%)	1 (0.7%)	.361
Stage 4—past infection, n (%)	12 (7.8%)	4 (2.9%)	.062
Peripheral blood PCR
No positive PCR test in pregnancy, n (%)	13 (8.2%)	130 (90.9%)	<.001
Any positive PCR test in pregnancy (P. falciparum, P. vivax, or P. ovale), n (%)	144 (91.7%)	13 (9.1%)	<.001
Negative by PCR at delivery (maternal peripheral blood), n (%)	90 (57.3%)	136 (97.1%)	<.001
Positive by PCR at delivery (maternal peripheral blood), n (%)	67 (42.7%)	4 (2.86%)	<.001
Maternal IgG
Mean (range)	2004 (727.8–7514.3)	1110 (501–2726.2)	<.001
Hypergammaglobulinemia (>1700 mh/dL), n (%)	85 (54%)	12 (8.4%)	<.001

Abbreviations: FIS, Fetal Immunity Study; IgG, immunoglobulin G; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.