Figure 3.
MSC and combinatory treatment inhibit microglia/macrophage accumulation in the brain after injury. (A): Representative image of injured brain stained for Iba-1 depicting regions for the detection of microglia/macrophage cells. (B–E): Quantification of microglia/macrophage in different activation phenotypes in the thalamus of sham-operated rats, rats subjected to CCI, CCI followed by intraperitoneal propranolol infusion (10 mg/kg) 1 hour postinjury, CCI followed by intravenous MSCs infusion (107 cells per kilogram) 72 hours postinjury, and CCI followed by the propranolol and MSC treatment (Pro + MSC), all measured 7 days postinjury. ∗, p < .05; ∗∗, p < .01 by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test. Abbreviations: CCI, controlled cortical impact injury; MSC, mesenchymal stromal cell; n.s., not significant; Pro, propranolol.