Characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly (hUC-MSCs). hUC-MSCs isolated from human umbilical cords were cultured for three to five passages. The expressions of MSC biomarkers (CD29, CD90, CD105), an embryonic marker (OCT-4), and hematological markers (CD34, CD44) were examined by flow cytometry analysis. (A): hUC-MSCs were positive for all three MSC biomarkers and the embryonic marker, but negative for hematological markers. (B–D): Multipotent differentiation capacity of hUC-MSCs. hUC-MSCs were cultured in osteogenic, adipogenic, or chondrogenic induction medium for 3 weeks. The differentiated cells were positive by specific methods: alkaline phosphatase for osteogenic cells (B), Oil Red O for adipogenic cells (C), and collagen type II for chondrogenic cells (D). Scale bars = 100 μm.