Morphology and proliferation potency of hUC-MSCs, differentiated SGCs, and natural sweat gland cells. (A): Primary hUC-MSCs exhibit fibroblast-like morphology. (B): The hUC-MSC cells after three to five passages in culture showed spindle-like shapes. (C, D): The differentiated SGCs from hUC-MSCs after 3 weeks in culture in SGC-induction media formed a “gathering” structure, like natural “paving stone” sweat glands. (E): Cell proliferation potencies of hUC-MSCs in three types of media were analyzed using cell counting kit-8. hUC-MSCs were cultured in basic medium, induction medium-KGF, and induction medium-mix for 1–3 weeks. The results showed lower proliferation rates in the induction medium-KGF and induction medium-mix compared with hUC-MSC basic medium. n = 5 per group. Scale bars = 100 μm. ∗, p < .05; ∗∗, p < .01. Abbreviations: hUC-MSC, mesenchymal stem cell derived from human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly; KGF, keratinocyte growth factor; SGC, sweat gland-like cell.