Table 1.

Performance and change objectives for the Mamma Mia intervention.

	Determinants
Performance objectives	Knowledge	Expectancies and attitudes	Attachment, emotion regulation, and help seeking	Relationship satisfaction and communication skills
PO1: Cope adaptively with becoming a parent	K1.1: Understand that mixed feelings are normal postpartum	EA1.1: Accept that experiencing the maternity blues is normal	AEH1.1: Prepare friends and family for the expecting baby and upcoming life changes	RC1.1: Demonstrate the skill to effectively communicate and share needs and expectations toward partner
	K1.2: Acknowledge that detailed planning can be counterproductive	EA1.2: Let go of the need for rigorous and detailed planning and control
	K1.3: Recognize that the postpartum period is hectic, and that it is important to be realistic about what one can achieve	EA1.3: Believe that breast-feeding is a skill that needs to be learned, and that there are alternative options
	K1.4: Learn about alternatives to breast-feeding
PO2: Engage in positive parent-infant interactions	K2.1: Understand how PND can interfere with bonding between a mother and her infant	EA2.1: Reflect confidence in parenting ability	AEH2.1: Experience “being with baby”
	K2.2: Learn about infant development	EA2.2: Attribute failures to connect with infant to situational factors	AEH2.2: Identify and recognize the sleep-wake cycles of infants
	K2.3: Become aware of the infant’s attention and communication skills	EA2.3: State that infants need time to react and respond	AEH.2.3: Demonstrate parent-child interaction and engage in appropriate attachment behaviors
		EA2.4: Set realistic personal standards and expectations for the prepartum and postpartum period	AEH2.4: Utilize the principle of “wait, watch, and wonder” in interactions with her baby
		EA2.5: Accept “good enough” parenting
PO3: Engage in proactive and positive physical and mental activities	K3.1: Know the rationale for the positive psychological approach and learn the benefits of engaging in positive activities	EA3.1: Feel positive about involving the partner in preparations and taking charge	AEH3.1: Use techniques to enhance subjective well-being	RC3.1: Correctly perform exercises that can increase relationship satisfaction
	K3.2: Understand the pros of enhancing the partner relationship during pregnancy		AEH3.2: Practice relaxation and being present minded	RC3.2: Demonstrate more positive emotions toward partner while decreasing the expression of negative emotions
	K3.3: Understand that certain beliefs or assumptions about partner relationship are false or myths		AEH3.3: Make a list, plan, and engage in pleasant activities	RC3.3: Demonstrate a set of principles and use techniques for improving partner communication
			AEH3.4. Engage in physical activity
PO4: Get help and support if depression is indicated	K4.1: Know that there are effective methods for managing depressive symptoms	EA4.1: Feel positive about and see the need to screen for depressive symptoms	AEH4.1: Ask for partner support
	K4.2: Describe potential symptoms of postnatal depression		AEH4.2: Call mental health hotline
	K4.3: Realize that social withdrawal from partner and others is a part of the problem		AEH4.3: Contact general physician
			AEH4.4: Active and continued participation in Mamma Mia
PO5: Cope adaptively with symptoms of depression	K5.1: Learn to identify certain maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving	EA5.1: Expect that using the techniques learned in Mamma Mia can be beneficial	AEH5.1: Learn a set of techniques to improve mood	See RC1.1 and RC3.1-3.3
		EA5.1: Feel positive about asking for help and support, and expect that it can be beneficial	AEH5.2: Change or replace ineffective mood strategies
			See also change objectives for PO2 and change objectives AEH4.1-4.4