Table 1.

Studies of smartphone apps for people with schizophrenia.^a

Studies	Intervention	Duration (days)	Total (n)	Attrition	Adherence	User experience	Reported benefits
Ainsworth et al (2013) [25]	Android app “ClinTouch”	6	24 (24 with schizophrenia)	0/24	69% of all possible entries were completed 2.8 uses per day (mean average)	The app was rated as “pleasing” overall (scoring 3.7 on a 7-point scale). The app was not rated as “stressful” or “challenging” (scoring only 1.8 and 2.2 on 7-point scales)	Participants felt the app could help them or other service users (5.3 on a 7-point scale)
Ben Zeev et al (2014) [27]	Android app “FOCUS”	28	33 (33 with schizophrenia)	1/33 due to losing phone	Participants used FOCUS on 86.5% of days in the study 5.2 uses per day (mean average)	93.7% of participants satisfied with overall ease of use. Less than 20% found the app to be “awkward,” “complicated,” or “inconsistent.”	87.5% of participants felt that the app helped to manage symptoms. Paired samples t tests showed significant reductions in positive and negative symptoms and depression.
Macias et al (2015) [30]	iPhone and Android app ‘WellWave’	28	11 (4 with schizophrenia)	1/11 withdrew of own accord	Used on 94% of days 73 % response rate to prompts (3.54 per day) 70% of participants achieved ≥2 walks per week	100% of participants were satisfied with the app overall. Only criticisms were made, pertaining to color/sound preferences, and the study coming to an end.	Participants experienced both improved well-being (eg, put my head in a good place) and practical benefits (eg, Motivated me to get up and walk around the block).
Naslund et al (2015) [28] Aschbrenner et al (2015) [29]	iPhone app “PeerFIT”	80-133	10 (3 with schizophrenia)	1/10 withdrew due to medical reasons	Participants used activity monitors on 89% of days in the study	100% were “very satisfied” or “somewhat satisfied” with PeerFIT overall; 60% would recommend to a friend. Participants felt the devices were expensive for low-income individuals.	100% found the program helped them to reach their goals. Mean weight loss of 2.7 kg across all participants (P>.05).
Palmier-Claus et al (2012, 2014) [23,24]	Android app “ClinTouch”	7	44 (36 with schizophrenia)	8/44 due to noncompliance	72% of all possible entries were completed 4.4 uses per day (mean)	Not reported	Smartphone app provided clinically valid real-time measures of psychotic symptoms and affective state

^aThis is an abridged version of the table. Additional details about the intervention are presented in Multimedia Appendix 1.