Table 2.
Some rice genes and promoters analyzed to elucidate their activities in transgenic rice
| Sl. no. | Gene | Locus IDa | Construct | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ANS (Anthocyanidin synthase) | LOC_Os01g27490 | OE | Increase in flavonoids and anthocyanins and hence oxidation potential | Reddy et al. (2007) |
| 2 | ETHE1 (ETHYLMALONIC ENCEPHALOPATHY PROTEIN 1) | LOC_Os01g47690 | promoter | Stress and calcium responsive | Kaur et al. (2014) |
| 3 | GLYOXALASEII | LOC_Os09g34100 | OE | Confers salt stress tolerance | Singla-Pareek et al. (2008) |
| 4 | IPK1 (inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase) | LOC_Os04g56580 | RNAi | Silencing of IPK1decreases the antinutrient phytic acid | Ali et al. (2013a) |
| 5 | MIPS (myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase) | LOC_Os03g09250 | RNAi | Decrease in phytate and increase in inorganic phosphate and iron levels | Ali et al. (2013b) |
| 6 | NBS-Str1 (nucleotide binding site-LRR) and BLEC-Str8 (β-lectin domain protein) | LOC_Os02g09790 and LOC_Os04g01950 | Promoter | Cause increased expression under stress | Ray et al. (2012) |
| 7 | orfB | LOC_Os12g34018 | RNAi | Unedited mitochondrial orfB gene causes male sterility by decreasing ATP synthase activity | Chakraborty et al. (2015) |
| 8 | OsbHLH, OsFbox, OsiPK | LOC_Os01g18870, LOC_Os05g46050, LOC_Os12g12860 | Promoter | Responsible for anther-specific expression | Khurana et al. (2013) |
| 9 | OsCDR1 (aspartate protease) | LOC_Os01g08330 | OE | Provides resistance against fungal and bacterial pathogens | Prasad et al. (2009) |
| 10 | OsClpB-cyt (ClpB-cytoplasmic /Hsp100) | LOC_Os05g44340 | Promoter | Classical heat shock element supresses expression under unstressed conditions | Singh et al. (2012b) |
| 11 | OsCPK31 (CDPK) | AK110341b | OE, RNAi | Helps in rice grain filling | Manimaran et al. (2015) |
| 12 | OsDREB2A (Dehydration-responsive element binding transcription factor) | LOC_Os01g07120 | OE | Osmotic, dehydration and salt stress tolerance | Mallikarjuna et al. (2011) |
| 13 | OsGLP1 (germin-like protein) | LOC_Os08g35760 | RNAi | Controls plant height and disease resistance | Banerjee and Maiti (2010) |
| 14 | OsGLYII-2 (GLYOXALASEII) | LOC_Os03g21460 | OE | Provides salinity and decarbonyl stress tolerance | Ghosh et al. (2014) |
| 15 | OsGRX8 (glutaredoxin) | LOC_Os02g30850 | RNAi | Abiotic stress response | Sharma et al. (2013) |
| 16 | OSIAGP (Arabinogalactan) | LOC_Os06g21410 | Promoter | Provides pollen-preferential expression | Anand and Tyagi (2010) |
| 17 | OsiPA | LOC_Os10g40090 | Promoter | Confers pollen-specific expression | Swapna et al. (2011) |
| 18 | OsiSAP1 | LOC_Os09g31200 | OE | Positively regulates water deficit stress by affecting gene expression leading to loss of membrane damage and lipid peroxidation | Dansana et al. (2014) |
| 19 | OsiSAP8 | LOC_Os06g41010 | OE | Abiotic stress tolerance | Kanneganti and Gupta (2008) |
| 20 | OsiWAK1 (wall associated kinase) | LOC_Os11g46860 | RNAi | Plant growth and development | Kanneganti and Gupta (2011) |
| 21 | OsMADS1 | LOC_Os03g11614 | OE | Involved in panicle, lemma and palea development | Prasad et al. (2001) |
| 22 | OsMADS29 | LOC_Os02g07430 | RNAi, OE, Protein-protein interaction | Regulates starch biosynthesis during seeds development by regulating active cytokinin levels | Nayar et al. (2013); Nayar et al. (2014) |
| 22 | OsMKK6 | LOC_Os01g32660 | OE | Participates in salt stress signaling and regulates phytoalexin biosynthesis due to UV exposure | Kumar and Sinha (2013); Wankhede et al. (2013) |
| 23 | Osoxo4 (oxalate oxidase) | LOC_Os03g48780 | OE | Resistance to sheath blight | Molla et al. (2013) |
| 24 | OsSAG12-1 (senescence associated gene) | LOC_Os01g67980 | RNAi | Negatively regulates cell death | Singh et al. (2013d) |
| 25 | OsSUV3 (SUPPRESSOR OF VAR3, DNA and RNA helicase, ATPase) | LOC_Os03g53500 | OE, RNAi | Provides tolerance against salt stress by upregulation of multiple hormones, resistance against metal stress | Sahoo et al. (2014a); Sahoo et al. (2014b); Tuteja et al. (2013) |
| 26 | Pi54 | LOC_Os11g42010 | OE | Provides resistance to Magnaporthea irrespective of insertion position | Arora et al. (2015) |
| 27 | Rab16A, 4X ABRE, 2X ABRC | LOC_Os11g26790 | Promoter | Responsible for ABA responsive expression under stress and development | Ganguly et al. (2011) |
| 28 | RFL (RICE FLORICULA/ LEAFY) | LOC_Os04g51000 | promoter and intron | Introns have regulatory regions | Prasad et al. (2003) |
| 29 | RFL (RICE FLORICULA/ LEAFY) | LOC_Os04g51000 | RNAi, OE | Controls flowering, promotes axillary meristem initiation and hence tillering through auxin and strigolactone signaling | Deshpande et al. (2015); Rao et al. (2008) |
| 30 | Ubi1 (Ubiquitin) from rice | LOC_Os06g46770 | Promoter | Confers high levels of constitutive expression | Bhattacharyya et al. (2012) |
abased on RGAP version 7 (http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/)
brepresents cDNA clone from KOME (http://cdna01.dna.affrc.go.jp/cgi-bin/sogo.cgi?pj=598&class=598&page=cDNA) as no RGAP locus ID has been found