Table 2.

Correlations (Pearson's correlation coefficients) between corneal curvature and axial length by visit and gender, ethnicity, baseline age.

Visit		Baseline		Yr 3		Yr 6		Yr 9		Yr 12		Yr 14
		n	r*	n	r*	n	r*	n	r*	n	r*	n	r*
Overall		466	−0.70	461	−0.67	434	−0.6	391	−0.59	369	−0.57	361	−0.53
Gender	Male	222	−0.66	219	−0.61	203	−0.52	181	−0.52	168	−0.46	157	−0.46
Female	244	−0.71	242	−0.68	231	−0.63	210	−0.60	201	−0.61	204	−0.55
Adjusted p-value†		>0.99		>0.99		0.48		>0.99		0.24		>0.99
Ethnicity	Asian	35	−0.78	36	−0.71	34	−0.57	32	−0.59	31	−0.44	31	−0.48
Hispanic	68	−0.78	67	−0.71	65	−0.62	56	−0.59	57	−0.58	50	−0.53
Mixed	24	−0.57	23	−0.31	19	−0.32	21	−0.18	19	−0.20	18	−0.21
White	217	−0.71	214	−0.68	199	−0.64	174	−0.64	164	−0.64	161	−0.58
African-American	122	−0.64	122	−0.64	118	−0.58	109	−0.58	101	−0.54	102	−0.53
Adjusted p-value‡		>0.99		>0.99		>0.99		>0.99		>0.99		>0.99
Baseline age	6–9 yrs	235	−0.63	233	−0.60	223	−0.54	203	−0.52	193	−0.54	183	−0.49
10–11 yrs	231	−0.77	228	−0.71	211	−0.66	188	−0.66	176	−0.63	178	−0.58
Adjusted p-value†		0.01		0.24		0.36		0.30		>0.99		>0.99

^*r is correlation coefficient. All correlations are significantly different from 0 (all p-values ≤ 0.01), except the mixed ethnic group from visit year 3 onwards (p ≥ 0.15).

^†p-values for comparing r between male and female, baseline age groups at each visit are based on Fisher's z-test, and adjusted for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction.

^‡p-values for comparing r among five ethnic groups at each visit are based on chi-square test, and adjusted for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction.