Table 1. Characteristics of the study population in the case-control study1.
| Normal subjects (n = 35) | NAFLD patients (n = 60) | P | Adjusted P1 | Adjusted P2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General characteristics | |||||
| Age, years | 44.8 ± 10.8 | 34.8 ± 10.2 | <0.001 | – | – |
| Male/female, n | 22/13 | 48/12 | 0.067 | – | – |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.6 ± 3.2 | 27.9 ± 3.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 | – |
| Waist circumference, cm | 84.6 ± 9.1 | 95.6 ± 7.4 | <0.001 | <0.001 | – |
| SBP, mmHg | 120.8 ± 11.4 | 125.4 ± 13.5 | 0.117 | 0.180 | 0.892 |
| DBP, mmHg | 78.0 ± 9.3 | 82.6 ± 10.9 | 0.044 | 0.131 | 0.472 |
| Current smoker, n(%) | 10(30.3) | 17(29.8) | 0.962 | 0.470 | – |
| Passive smoker, n(%) | 17(56.67) | 30(56.60) | 0.996 | 0.393 | – |
| Physical activity, MET | 37.7 ± 21.1 | 35.3 ± 23.4 | 0.619 | 0.269 | – |
| Biochemical characteristics | |||||
| AST, U/L | 26.0(20.7,44.5) | 30.1(22.6,42.1) | 0.871 | 0.049 | 0.951 |
| ALT, U/L | 41.8(24.0,73.6) | 56.5(31.1,87.7) | 0.206 | 0.321 | 0.807 |
| Blood glucose, mg/dL | 5.30(4.97,5.85) | 5.09(4.76,5.95) | 0.502 | 0.215 | 0.344 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.15(0.76,1.69) | 1.79(1.18,2.71) | 0.005 | 0.039 | 0.925 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.95 ± 1.50 | 5.22 ± 1.13 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.062 |
| HDLc, mg/dL | 1.00 ± 0.31 | 1.25 ± 0.26 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.140 |
| LDLc, mg/dL | 2.49 ± 1.02 | 2.92 ± 0.83 | 0.028 | 0.025 | 0.152 |
| HBV( + ), n(%) | 12(35.3) | 16(27.1) | 0.659 | 0.122 | – |
1The data are expressed as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) according to the distribution of variables.
The P values in bold indicates significant differences. Adjusted P1: Adjusted for age and gender by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for continous variables, and multivariate logistic regression analysis for binary variables. Adjusted P2: Adjusted for age, gender, HB virus, MET, BMI, waist circumference, and smoking status by using ANCOVA or logistic regression analysis. Abbreviations: ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; HDLc: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLc: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and MET: metabolic equivalent task.