Table 1.

Toxin-antitoxin systems in M. tuberculosis.

No.	TA family	Toxin	Mechanism of toxicity	References
50	VapBC	VapC	Translation; tRNA and rRNA cleavage	Ramage, Connolly and Cox (2009); Ahidjo et al. (2011); Winther et al. (2013); Sala, Bordes and Genevaux. (2014); Cruz et al. (2015)
9	MazEF	MazF	Translation; mRNA and rRNA cleavage	Pandey and Gerdes (2005); Schifano et al. (2013); Schifano et al. (2014); Tiwari et al. (2015)
3	RelBE	RelE	Translation; mRNA cleavage at ribosomal A-site	Korch, Contreras and Clark-Curtiss (2009); Singh, Barry and Boshoff (2010); Yang et al. (2010); Miallau et al. (2013); Korch et al. (2015)
2	ParDE	ParE	Not determined; inhibition of DNA gyrase for ParE from plasmid RK2 and Vibrio cholerae chromosome	Gupta (2009); Ramage, Connolly and Cox (2009); Yuan et al. (2010)
1	HigBA	HigB	Translation; mRNA and tmRNA cleavage by associating with ribosome	Gupta (2009); Fivian-Hughes and Davis (2010); Schuessler et al. (2013)