(a) Transcript levels of ASA1 in 5-day-old Col-0, ERF1 knockdown (RNAi-1, RNAi-2), and overexpression (ERF1ox #2, ERF1ox #6, ERF1ox #12) seedlings. Values are mean ± SD of three replicas (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001). Asterisks indicate Student’s t-test significant differences. (b) ASA1pro:GUS expression in 5-day-old Col-0 and ERF1 knockdown (RNAi-1, RNAi-2) and over-expression (ERF1ox #2, ERF1ox #6, ERF1ox #12) seedlings. Three independent experiments were done, and each replica containing 15 plants for each genotype. Representative seedlings were photographed. Scale bar, 0.5 cm. (c) ASA1pro:GUS expression in primary root maturation region and root tip of 5-day-old Col-0, ERF1 knockdown (RNAi-1, RNAi-2), and overexpression (ERF1ox #2, ERF1ox #6, ERF1ox #12) seedlings without or with ACC treatment. More than 20 plants were observed for each genotype. Representative photos were displayed.