(a) The expression of ASA1 in ethylene signal pathway mutants. Ethylene signal pathway-related mutants ein2-5, ein3-1, ein3-1eil1, ctr1-1, and Col-0 were grown on MS medium for 5 d while the seeds of EIN3-FLAG (iE/qm) (EIN3ox) were grown on MS medium supplementing with 1 μM β-estradiol for 5 d. Total RNA was extracted from roots. The expression level of ASA1 was checked by qRT-PCR. Values are mean ± SD of three replicas (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. Asterisks indicate Student’s t-test significant differences). (b) ASA1pro:GUS expression in 5-day-old seedlings. Three independent experiments were performed with each replica containing 15 plants for each line. Representative seedlings were photographed. Scale bar, 0.5 cm. (c) ASA1pro:GUS expression in primary root maturation region and root tip of 5-day-old seedlings without or with ACC treatment. More than 20 plants were observed for each genotype. Representative photos were displayed.