Table 1. Epidemiological data, concomitant diseases, tumour characteristics, surgical data, renal parameters, and baseline urinary calprotectin/NGAL concentrations in the study population.
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSS with ischaemia | NSS without ischaemia | Living donor nephrectomy | ||
| (n = 26) | (n = 6) | (n = 10) | ||
| Epidemiology | ||||
| Male/Female | 21 (80.8%)/5 (19.2%) | 2 (33.3%)/4 (66.7%) | 4 (40%)/6 (60%) | 0.02 |
| Age (years) | 64 (54–75.25) | 63 (43.25–69) | 53 (46.25–61) | 0.08 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.6 (24.5–31.5) | 24.6 (21.75–25.83) | 24 (20–28) | 0.07 |
| Concomitant diseases | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (19.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.24 |
| Hypertension | 16 (61.5%) | 3 (50%) | 2 (20%) | 0.08 |
| Pre-existing CKD | 4 (15.4%) | 1 (16.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.40 |
| Coronary heart disease | 3 (11.5%) | 2 (33.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.16 |
| Status after nephrectomy | 2 (7.7%) | 1 (16.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.58 |
| Status after NSS | 2 (7.7%) | 1 (16.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.58 |
| Medication on admission | ||||
| ACE-I/ARB | 13 (50%) | 4 (66.7%) | 1 (10%) | 0.04 |
| Diuretics | 6 (23.1%) | 1 (16.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.22 |
| Side | ||||
| Right/Left kidney | 10 (38.5%)/16 (61.5%) | 3 (50%)/3 (50%) | 1 (10%)/9 (90%) | 0.24 |
| Tumour characteristics | ||||
| Type of tumour | 0.19 | |||
| RCC | 23 (88.5%) | 4 (66.7%) | - | |
| Oncocytoma | 2 (7.7%) | 1 (16.7%) | - | |
| Angiomyolipoma | 0 (0%) | 1 (16.7%) | - | |
| Other | 1 (3.8%) | 0 (0%) | - | |
| RCC histology | 0.11 | |||
| clear cell | 17 (65.4%) | 1 (16.7%) | - | |
| papillary | 2 (7.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | - | |
| chromophobic | 4 (15.4%) | 1 (16.7%) | - | |
| Staging of RCC | 0.89 | |||
| pT1a | 17 (65.4%) | 3 (50%) | - | |
| pT1b | 5 (19.2%) | 0 (0%) | - | |
| pT2a | 0 (0%) | 1 (16.7%) | - | |
| pT2b | 1 (3.8%) | 0 (0%) | - | |
| Tumour diameter (mm) | 35 (22.7–41.25) | 24.5 (12–79.25) | - | 0.54 |
| Surgical data | ||||
| Operation time (min) | 212.5 (177.25–260) | 154 (96.25–180.75) | 183 (163.75–207.5) | 0.003 |
| Renal artery clamping (ischaemia) | 26 (100%) | 0 (0%) | - | |
| Ischaemic time (min) | 13 (4.5–20.25) | - | - | |
| Surgical approach | 0.75 a | |||
| Open surgery | 15 (57.7%) | 3 (50%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Endoscopic surgery | 11 (42.3%) | 3 (50%) | 10 (100%) | |
| Laparoscopy (lap.) | 6 (23.1%) | 1 (16.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Robot-assisted lap. | 4 (15.4%) | 2 (33.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Retro-peritoneoscopy | 1 (3.8%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (100%) | |
| Renal data | ||||
| eGFR on admission b (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 84.6 (66.3–97.8) | 71.4 (52.6–91.6) | 96.4 (89.25–109.5) | 0.37 |
| Plasma creatinine on admission (mg/dl) | 0.91 (0.83–1.01) | 0.85 (0.77–1.49) | 0.76 (0.65–0.84) | 0.73 |
| Urinary biomarkers | ||||
| Urinary calprotectin on admission (ng/ml) | 41.72 (11.07–148.82) | 78.91 (54.65–268.79) | 36.35 (3.83–306.55) | 0.17 |
| Urinary NGAL on admission (ng/ml) | 7.04 (2.85–13.84) | 12.10 (4.84–18.65) | 5.38 (3.20–9.3) | 0.56 |
NSS, nephron sparing surgery of kidney tumours; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ACE-I/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; RCC, renal cell cancer; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.
Continuous data are presented as median and interquartile range.
a applies only to NSS groups.
b calculated according to CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) formula.