Table I.
Effect on biochemical profile (systemic toxicity) following 6 h or 15 day exposure to milk exosomes in Sprague-Dawley rats
| Biochemical profile | 6h Exposure | 15 day Exposure | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Milk Exo | Control | Milk Exo | |
| Liver profile | ||||
| AST (SGOT) | 202.8 ± 49.3 | 204.8 ± 43.1 | 235 ± 85.7 | 220.5 ± 58.7 |
| ALT (SGPT) | 65.3 ± 12.8 | 56.8 ± 13.4 | 66.0 ± 3.2 | 64.2 ± 9.7 |
| Alk Phosphatase | 192 ± 18.3 | 162.3 ± 23.8 | 243.8 ± 58.9 | 151.8 ± 55.7 |
| GGT | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 2.1 | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 3.3 ± 1.7 |
| Amylase | 529.5 ± 107.2 | 585.5 ± 162.0 | 529.8 ± 55.3 | 496.0 ± 42.9 |
| CPK | 873.5 ± 238.6 | 915.8 ± 388.0 | 25.0 ± 0.0 | 25.0 ± 0.0 |
| Kidney profile | ||||
| BUN | 19.8 ± 0.5 | 17.5 ± 2.6 | 23.8 ± 3.1 | 18.8 ± 1.9 |
| BUN/Creatinine Ratio | 36 ± 3.6 | 33.5 ± 5.0 | 98.8 ± 42.1 | 65.5 ± 30.3 |
| Phosphorus | 18.4 ± 3.0 | 13.1 ± 0.9 | 15.9 ± 1.7 | 15.1 ± 2.4 |
| Calcium | 12.4 ± 1.0 | 11.7 ± 0.9 | 10.6 ± 1.1 | 11.1 ± 1.1 |
| Total Protein | 6.9 ± 0.4 | 6.5 ± 0.5 | 6.8 ± 0.2 | 6.7 ± 0.5 |
| Albumin | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.3 |
| Globulin | 3.1 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.2 |
| A/G Ratio | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 |
| Glucose | 193.8 ± 55.8 | 208.3 ± 28.6 | 205.5 ± 31.0 | 193.5 ± 34.8 |
| Cholesterol | 94 ± 10.1 | 81.5 ± 9.3 | 105.8 ± 14.6 | 105.5 ± 12.9 |
| Triglyceride | 134.5 ± 26.6 | 86.0 ± 26.8* | 117.3 ± 9.4 | 69.3 ± 13.8** |
Female Sprague Dawley rats (6-7) weeks old were provided control diet (AIN 93M) and water ad libitum and treated with milk-derived exosomes (25 mg/kg, b. wt.) by oral gavage for 6 h or 15 days, once daily. At euthanasia blood was collected and analyzed using an automated AU640® Chemistry Analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Inc., Brea, CA, USA) by Antech diagnostics. Data represent average and Sprague-Dawley of four animals. Statistical analysis was performed by student t-test.
*
p-value <0.05
**
p-value <0.01.