Table 2.
Pre-hospital EMS research topics
| Airway, Breathing and Pulmonology |
| – Open/secure airway (e.g. intubation) |
| – Mechanical ventilation (devices) |
| – Auscultation |
| – Oxygen supply |
| – Pharmaceutical intervention in COPD |
| – CO2 |
| – Hyperventilation |
| Circulation and Cardiology |
| – Shock therapy |
| – Resuscitation & devices, and therapeutically hypothermia treatment |
| – Assessment of acute cardiac signs & symptoms |
| – Diagnostics/ECG for acute cardiac signs & symptoms |
| – ACS management |
| – Sepsis |
| Disability, Exposure and Neurology |
| – Pain management |
| – Assessment of acute neurologic signs & symptoms |
| – Intoxication (alcohol/drugs) |
| – Neurological exam (Glasgow Coma Scale) |
| – (Unintentional) hypothermia |
| Traumatology |
| – Immobilisation |
| – Consult Helicopter Emergency Medical Service |
| – Pain management in trauma |
| Internal medicine |
| – Acute gastro-intestinal complaints |
| – Diabetes |
| Gynaecology/Obstetrics |
| – Childbirth: CTG, care management for young born & mother |
| – Maternal haemorrhage |
| Psychiatry |
| – Emergency psychiatric care |
| Organisation of care |
| – Care and task substitution (e.g. MANP & PA) |
| – Cost-effectiveness |
| – e-Health |
| – Non-conveyance to hospital |
| – First responders (police, fireman, citizens) |
| – Rapid responders |
| – Availability of ambulance EMS |
| Collaboration in the chain of emergency care |
| – Registration |
| – Hand over/ registration / exchange of patient data |
| – Feedback/evaluation |
| – Safety of employees |
| Quality of Care |
| – Performance measures for quality of care |
| – Patient Safety |
| – Triage |
| – Protocols and protocol adherence |
| – Stay and play versus scoop and run |
| – Patient perspective |
| Education |
| – Professional behaviour |
| – Competences (knowledge, skills and attitude) |
| – Education programs (e.g.. simulation) |
| – e-Learning |
| – Tests and exams (e.g. peer assessment) |