Table 5. Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of advanced colorectal adenomas according to quartiles of plasma MIC-1 levels by adenoma characteristics in the Nurses' Health Study (1990-2008).
| Subgroup | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | Ptrend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multiple adenoma | |||||
| No. of cases/controlsa | 50/56 | 46/59 | 58/62 | 98/75 | |
| OR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (referent) | 0.88 (0.50-1.56) | 1.06 (0.59-1.89) | 1.75 (0.98-3.13) | 0.02 |
| Adenoma of ≥1 cm | |||||
| No. of cases/controlsa | 141/155 | 146/149 | 141/159 | 185/150 | |
| OR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (referent) | 1.11 (0.79-1.56) | 0.99 (0.69-1.41) | 1.49 (1.02-2.18) | 0.03 |
| Proximal colon adenoma | |||||
| No. of cases/controlsa | 39/48 | 55/56 | 45/54 | 67/48 | |
| OR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (referent) | 1.25 (0.70-2.23) | 1.06 (0.54-2.05) | 1.97 (1.01-3.84) | 0.04 |
| Distal colon adenoma | |||||
| No. of cases/controlsa | 82/74 | 67/78 | 72/78 | 77/68 | |
| OR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (referent) | 0.80 (0.50-1.29) | 0.82 (0.50-1.36) | 1.02 (0.59-1.78) | 0.76 |
| Rectal adenoma | |||||
| No. of cases/controlsa | 25/29 | 28/23 | 16/20 | 29/26 | |
| OR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (referent) | 1.49 (0.63-3.52) | 0.87 (0.37-2.03) | 1.28 (0.54-3.04) | 0.82 |
| Multiple adenomas in ≥2 locations | |||||
| No. of cases/controlsa | 30/31 | 22/28 | 33/30 | 46/42 | |
| OR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (referent) | 0.76 (0.35-1.66) | 0.97 (0.47-2.02) | 1.12 (0.52-2.42) | 0.55 |
| Villous or tubulovillous adenoma or high-grade dysplasia | |||||
| No. of cases/controlsa | 100/108 | 91/91 | 87/95 | 122/106 | |
| OR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (referent) | 1.08 (0.72-1.61) | 1.00 (0.65-1.56) | 1.29 (0.82-2.04) | 0.26 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MIC-1, macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1; OR, odds ratio.
Adenoma characteristics were missing for some cases and thus the total number of cases may not add up to 757.
Multivariable model accounted for matching factors (date of endoscopy [i.e., had to be performed during the same 2-year period], birth year, indication for endoscopy, time period of any prior endoscopy, month and year of blood draw, and fasting status) and was additionally adjusted for family history of colorectal cancer (yes or no), multivitamin use (yes or no), pack-years of smoking before age 30 (0, 0-7.9, ≥8), alcohol consumption (0-0.14, 0.15-1.9, 2.0-7.4, ≥7.5 g/d), body mass index (<21, 21-22.9, 23-24.9, 25-29.9, ≥30 kg/m2), physical activity (≤5, 5.1-10, 10.1-20, >20 MET-hours/week), regular aspirin/NSAID use (yes or no), postmenopausal status and hormone use (premenopausal, postmenopausal with ever or never using hormone therapy), calcium intake (in tertiles), and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (in tertiles).