Table 1.

Overview of clinical application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in cardiovascular diseases

Field of application	Clinical indication
Cardiac	Endoluminal border delineation to assess left ventricular volumes and function and detection of intracardiac thrombus
	Visualization of wall motion and thickening to assess myocardial ischemia and viability
	Quantification of myocardial perfusion
Carotis	Endoluminal border delineation to depict hypoechogenic plaques, plaque irregularities and ulcerations, distinguish very high-grade stenosis from complete occlusion
	Detection and quantification of intraplaque neovascularization to risk stratify atherosclerotic lesions and to monitor therapeutic effects
Aorta	Detection of dissection membrane and re-entry and discrimination of true and false lumen in abdominal aortic dissection
	Endoluminal border delineation in abdominal aortic aneurysm to detect intraluminal thrombus
	Detection and classification of endoleaks after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR)