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HFD selectively altered circulating corticosterone but not estradiol. The HFD significantly increased circulating corticosterone (a) in both males and females (∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001). Circulating estradiol levels (b), often asserted to be an experimental confound precluding use of females in physiological and behavioral studies, were not significantly altered in females fed the HFD compared to those receiving the CD.
