Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of eligible critically ill patients admitted to the ICU during the study period
| Characteristics | Outpatient SCr not available | Outpatient SCr available | p* | Simulated Cohorta | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 3,504 | 4,268 | 3566 | ||
| Age, year | 62 ± 18 | 65 ± 16 | <0.001 | 63 ± 16 | 0.05 |
| Male sex | 2013 (57) | 2508 (59) | 0.24 | 2033 (57) | 0.71 |
| White | 3246 (93) | 4039 (95) | <0.001 | 3347 (94) | 0.10 |
| Baseline creatinine, mg/dL | |||||
| - Admission SCr | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 0.55 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 0.10 |
| - Single imputation of GFR 75 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.20 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.06 |
| - Baseline outpatient SCr | - | 1.1 ± 0.4 | - | 1.1 ± 0.4 | - |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| - Diabetes Mellitus | 723 (21) | 1114 (26) | <0.001 | 730 (20) | 0.87 |
| - Hypertension | 1836 (52) | 2653 (62) | <0.001 | 2004 (56) | 0.04 |
| - Coronary artery disease | 809 (23) | 1376 (32) | <0.001 | 793 (22) | 0.39 |
| - Stroke | 272 (8) | 472 (11) | <0.001 | 240 (7) | 0.12 |
| - Peripheral vascular disease | 120 (3) | 258 (6) | <0.001 | 60 (2) | 0.10 |
| - Congestive heart failure | 311 (9) | 588(14) | <0.001 | 252 (7) | 0.07 |
| Medical ICU type | 1733 (49) | 2036 (48) | 0.12 | 1689 (47) | 0.08 |
| APACHE III | 44 ± 22 | 50 ± 20 | <0.001 | 46 ± 18 | 0.06 |
| Renal replacement therapy use in ICU | 89 (3) | 109 (3) | 0.97 | 78 (2) | 0.33 |
| ICU mortality | 102 (3) | 136 (3) | 0.48 | 94 (3) | 0.48 |
| 60-day mortality | 298 (9) | 468 (11) | <0.001 | 338 (9) | 0.15 |
Abbreviations: APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, GFR glomerular filtration rate, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range SCr serum creatinine, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment
*Compared with patients without baseline outpatient SCr
aSimulated cohort was a subset of patients with available baseline outpatient SCr with propensity score to predict the likelihood of missing baseline SCr of ≥ 0.354
Continuous data are presented as mean ± SD, categorical data are presented as N (%), if not indicated