Table 1.

High Risk Medications in Older Adults with Chronic Pain

Drug Group	Drugs Included	Concerns Regarding Use
Opioids	Propoxyphene, meperidine, pentazocine	Confusion, falls, fractures, dependency, withdrawal
Skeletal muscle relaxants	Methocarbamol, cyclobenzaprine, carisoprodol, chlorzoxazone, metaxalone, orphenadrine	Anticholinergic adverse effects, excessive sedation, and weakness; questionable effectiveness
Antihistamines	Diphendydramine, hydroxyzine, promethazine, cyproheptadine, dexchlorpheniramine, tripelennamine	Confusion and sedation, anticholinergic adverse effects
Psychotropics	Diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam, Thioridazine, meprobamate, barbiturates	Excessive sedation, falls, central nervous system and extrapyrimidal side effects, dependency