Table 3.
Chronic Pain Cohort: Characteristics Among Subjects With and Without Incident HRME
| Characteristic | No Incident HRME (n = 538,121) n (%) | Incident HRME (n = 45,945) n (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age groups | |||
| 65–74 | 234,643 (43.6) | 23,270 (50.7) | <0.001 |
| 75–84 | 250,906 (46.6) | 19,211 (41.8) | |
| 85+ | 52,573 (9.8) | 3,464 (7.5) | |
| Male | 527,637 (98.1) | 44,474 (96.8) | <0.001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| White | 370,212 (68.8) | 33,710 (73.4) | <0.001 |
| African American | 37,830 (7.0) | 4,362 (9.5) | |
| Hispanic | 17,646 (3.3) | 2,332 (5.1) | |
| Other/Missing | 112,433 (20.9) | 5541 (12.1) | |
| Under the poverty limit | 349,733 (65.0) | 36,617 (79.7) | |
| Selim Physical Comorbidity Index | |||
| 0–1 | 50,088 (9.3) | 2,751 (6.0) | <0.001 |
| 2–3 | 256,449 (47.7) | 17,016 (37.0) | |
| 4–5 | 168,587 (31.3) | 16,292 (35.5) | |
| 6+ | 62,997 (11.7) | 9,886 (21.5) | |
| Selim Psychiatric Comorbidity Index | |||
| 0 | 454,350 (84.4) | 34,405 (74.9) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 65,591 (12.2) | 8,288 (18.0) | |
| 2+ | 18,180 (3.4) | 3,252 (7.1) | |
| Number of unique drugs | |||
| 0–5 | 207,216 (28.5) | 8,869 (19.3) | <0.001 |
| 6–8 | 142,062 (26.4) | 9,976 (21.7) | |
| 9–11 | 94,365 (17.5) | 9,754 (21.2) | |
| 12+ | 94,478 (17.6) | 17,346 (37.8) | |
| Outcomes | |||
| Death within 1 year | 24,869 (4.6) | 3,817 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| ED visits | 88,616 (16.5) | 19,473 (42.4) | <0.001 |
| ED visits related to falls/fractures | 2,677 (.50) | 3,344 (0.57) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalization | 32,455 (6.0) | 8,311 (18.1) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalization related to falls/ fractures | 658 (0.1) | 164 (0.4) | <0.001 |